To
JÁNOS HORVÁTH
(1878-1961)
for his illumination and inspiration
Contents
Part I. Authors from 1450 to 1945
Part II. Authors from 1945 to the Present
Appendix A
Treatments of Hungarian Literature
and Its Study Published from June 1, 1960 to August 1, 1965
Anthologies, Series, And Codex
Bibliographies
Bibliographies of Bibliographies and Guide to Reference Works
General Bibliographies
Literary and Cultural Influences and Relations
Classified and Detailed Bibliographies of Literature and Related Subjects
Hungarian, Hungarian-English Dictionaries
Grammar of and Treatise on The Hungarian Language
General Encyclopedia
Literary And Fine Arts Lexicons
Historical And Cultural Backgrounds
Historical
Cultural
Foreign Literary Influences and Relations
General Histories of Hungarian Literature
Histories of and Treatises on Literary and Related Subjects by Periods
Middle Ages
Renaissance and Reformation (1450-1630)
Literary Revival, Age of Reform, and Romanticism (1772-1849)
Age of Realism (1849-1905)
Age of Modern Literary Trends (1905-1945)
From 1945 to The Present
Treatises On Literary Types
Drama and Theater
Poetry
Treatises on Hungarian Style
Appendix B
Literary Awards, Societies, Newspapers, and Periodicals Mentioned in The Biographical Sketches
Literary Awards
Literary and Learned Societies
Newspapers and Literary and Learned Periodicals
Appendix C
Scholarly and Literary Periodicals from Which Articles are Cited in The Main Entries
Appendix D
The Authors Arranged by Literary Periods
Renaissance and Reformation (1450-1630)
Counter-Reformation and Baroque (1630-1772)
Literary Revival, Age of Reform, and Romanticism (1772-1849)
Age of Realism (1849-1905)
Age of Modern Literary Trends (1905-1945)
A. Search for new paths and the progressives of Nyugat (1905-1918)
B. Middle-class, populist, and socialist literature (1915-1945)
Appendix E
Directory of Libraries
Libraries in The United States
European Libraries
This bibliography is an extension of my Introductory bibliography to the study of Hungarian literature (1964), and is to be used in conjunction with that work. The earlier volume endeavored chiefly to cover reference Works, general works on literary history and fields related to its study, and surveys and studies of literary periods and genres. It reported only selected editions and a few biographies for the 101 authors it noted-all of them writers whose careers were well established by 1945. The present bibliography aims at a complete record of first editions, provides a more extensive list of later editions, and notes the most important bibliographical, biographical, and critical materials for each of the 162 authors included-representative writers from the beginnings of Hungarian literature to the present. The authors treated have been selected on the basis of their contributions to the literature of a period and to the development of the literature as a whole. My hope is that this handbook will further open the subject of Hungarian literature to librarians building collections in the field and, especially, to the increasing numbers of university students in the United States engaged in its study.
I am deeply indebted to a number of sources for financial support of my research. A fellowship from the Inter-University Committee on Travel Grants and the cooperation of the Cultural Relations Institute of Hungary made it possible for me to spend the academic year 1963--64 in that country. I am most grateful to them for the opportunity I had to examine the rich resources of the National Széchenyi Library, the Library of the Institute of Literary History, and the Library of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, and to consult with many Hungarian scholars. The substantial progress accomplished that year would not have been possible without their generous support. During the year, the members of the Institute of Cultural Relations assisted my work most thoughtfully, and the hospitality they extended to my family and their cooperation with everyday matters made the stay most memorable for us all. I could not have completed the final stages of my investigations without the opportunity for further work in Hungary made available to me in the summer of 1965 by a grant from the Office of International Programs at the University of Minnesota and the financial assistance of the Institute of Cultural Relations. I especially appreciated their help at a critical point of my research. I am also most grateful to the American Council of Learned Societies for the grant that enabled me to complete the canvass of library holdings and to defray the cost of clerical assistance.
To the University of Minnesota I owe a special debt for its continuous support of the project. The University made a number of sources available to me in addition to the previously mentioned grant from the Office of International Programs. The Graduate School sustained my efforts with periodic grants from its General Research Fund, and I have also benefited from the University's Single-Quarter Leave and Summer Research Appointment Programs. I consider myself most fortunate to be a member of the faculty of a University that constantly encourages humanistic research, even when it is some distance away from the main current of interest.
I cannot possibly acknowledge individually all those who have contributed to the preparation of this work through so many generous acts of time and spirit. Though I am solely responsible for every detail, I am especially indebted to the following for their criticisms and recommendations: Ida Bognár, Gyula Haraszthy, Béla Holl, Tibor Klaniczay, Aladár Komlós, József Kovács, Sándor V. Kovács, Sándor Kozocsa, Sándor Lukácsy, László Rigó, Erzsébet Sinka, József Szauder, Miklós Szentesi, Klára Szerb, and Kálmán Vargha. My debt is also very great to László Országh and John Lotz for their encouragement of my efforts, to Siegfried Feller for his criticism as a professional librarian, to August J. Molnar for his evaluation of the biographical sketches, to Robert C. Hart, Lewis D. Levang, and Robert R. Owens for their criticisms and proof reading of the biographical sketches and the annotations, to May Gardner for permission to use her Proposed location symbols for all countries of the world, and to all those who canvassed the holdings of libraries.
To Kálmán Bor and his staff at the Library of the Institute of Literary History and to Mária Németh and her staff at the National Széchényi Library I am very grateful for making the examination of holdings convenient for me. Without their assistance I could not have completed the review of the literature. The extent of this cooperation is best represented by the duplication for my personal use of those parts of the Széchényi's public catalogue dealing with all the authors included in the bibliography. These entry cards are now at hand in my study for easy reference.
To Pál Bélley I owe special thanks for so many kinds of invaluable assistance that I cannot possibly enumerate them all. He continued to contribute to the bibliography's genesis after my return home by answering endless questions and rechecking countless details of the manuscript. I wish he had permitted me to acknowledge his assistance by placing his name on the title page.
I mourn the passing of two distinguished scholars whose humanity I shall always cherish. Rabán Gerézdi was always ready to help me, and his geniality and the humorous anecdotes of his that brightened my moments of relaxation in Hungary have imbedded him deep in my memory. William Juhasz, whose life far from his home remains in many ways an image of many Hungarian intellectuals today, virtually took me by the hand and led me through Hungarian literature and scholarship. He stands before me - gray and bent, but eyes alive with warmth and voice gentle as he unlocked his scholarly experiences for me. The death of these men came too soon, too abruptly, for those of us who loved them.
To my wife, Olive, and my children, Michael and Kathy, again my thanks for their patience, understanding, and devotion.
ALBERT TEZLA
University of Minnesota, Duluth
ABBREVIATIONS
| ed: | edition |
| n.d.: | no date of publication |
| no.; nos.: | number, numbers |
| n.p.: | no publisher |
| p., pp.: | page(s), pages |
| pt., pts.: | part,parts |
| q.v., qq.v.: | which see |
| T : | volume(s) |
| v: | volume(s) |
| vol.: | volume(s) |
SYMBOLS
| p.[130]: | page not numbered |
| 19271: | first publication of an author's work(s) in book form under Editions |
| 195313: | later issue of an author's work(s) under Editions |
| MnU: | item on microfilm or photostat at library designated |
| [MnU]: | item incomplete in the holdings of the library designated |
| 1912+: | item still being published or periodical holdings in the designated library continuous from the year given |
| v1+: | periodical holdings in the designated library continuous from the volume number given |
| [1921-1922]: | years of a periodical incomplete in the holdings of the designated library |
| v[11-12]: | volumes of a periodical incomplete in the holdings of the designated library |
HUNGARIAN ABBREVIATIONS,
TERMS, AND PHRASES
| ábrándkép(ek): | daydream(s), fantasy(ies), vision(s) |
| adalék(ok): | contribution(s) [of article to]; plural also data |
| adat(ok): | datum (data), item(s); entry(ies), contribution(s) |
| adoma(ák): | anecdote(s) |
| adta közre: | issued by |
| alak(ok): | character(s) [in literary work] |
| alapítvány: | [Baumgarten] foundation |
| alkalmazott: | adapted [for Hungarian stage] |
| alkalmazta: | adapted [to contemporary Hungarian] by |
| alkalmi költemény: | occasional poem |
| alkony: | twilight, closing years [of author's life] |
| alkotó: | creator, author |
| állambölcselet: | political science |
| államirat(ok): | political science writing(s) |
| álláspont: | viewpoint, attitude |
| állatmese(ék): | animal fable or story |
| álnév: | pseudonym |
| általtette: | [edition prepared] with help of |
| antikvitás: | antiquity |
| anyag: | material, subject matter, theme |
| anyanyelv: | mother-tongue, native language, vernacular |
| apró: | minor, short [novels] |
| apróbb: | shorter [fiction] |
| arckép(ek): | character sketch(es), portrait(s) |
| arcképvázlat(ok): | general sketch(es) [of author's character] |
| árnyékrajzolat(ok): | [character] silhouette(s) |
| átdolgozás: | revision, reworking, rewriting |
| átdolgozott: | revised, reworked [edition] |
| átdolgozta: | rewritten, revised by |
| átírta: | rewritten by |
| átköltésében: | in a rewriting, adaptation by |
| átnézés: | recension, revision |
| bábszínjáték(ok): | play(s) for puppet-show |
| befejezetlen: | uncompleted [work] |
| befejezett: | finished, completed [work] |
| belügy: | domestic, interior affairs [of nation] |
| beszéd(ek): | speech(es), address(es), oration(s) |
| beszély(ek): | tale(s), [archaic:] short story(ies) |
| betűivel: | [set] with type of [particular press] |
| betűrendes: | alphabetical |
| betyár(ok): | highwayman(men), outlaw(s) |
| bevezetés: | preface, introduction |
| bevezetésével: | with introduction, preface by |
| bevezetéssel ellátta: | introduced by |
| bevezető: | introductory, prefatory; introduction, preface |
| bevezető tanulmányt írta: | introductory study by |
| bevezetővel ellátta: | introduction by |
| bevezette: | preface, introduction by |
| bírálat(ok): | criticism(s), book review(s), critique(s) |
| bizottság: | [editorial] board |
| bő: | long [introduction] |
| bohózat: | farce, burlesque, musical comedy |
| bohózatos: | farcical, comical [fairy play] |
| bölcseleti: | philosophical |
| bölcsészeti: | philosophical |
| bölcsészettudori: | doctoral [thesis] |
| bővített: | enlarged [edition] |
| cikk(ek): | [newspaper] article(s) |
| cím: | [book] title |
| címjegyzék: | list, catalog of titles of writings |
| című: | [work] entitled |
| családtörténet: | genealogy |
| csapat: | group [of short stories] |
| csatakép(ek): | battle scene(s) |
| csevegések: | small talk |
| csillagászat: | astronomy |
| csöndélet: | [literary] still life [of village] |
| csonka: | unfinished, uncompleted [literary work] |
| dal(ok): | song(s), lay(s) |
| daloskönyv: | songbook |
| darab(ok): | piece(s), fragment(s) [of writings] |
| diák(ok): | pupil(s), student(s) |
| diákcsíny: | student prank or escapade |
| diákregény: | novel about students |
| doktori: | doctoral [thesis] |
| dolgozat(ok): | dissertation(s), paper(s) |
| ébresztés: | awakening [of interest in author] |
| eddig: | to date, as in "eddig három kötet," "3 volumes to date" |
| egybegyűjtötte: | collected by |
| egybeszedett: | collected by |
| egyéb: | other [works] |
| egyetemi: | university [lecture] |
| egyfelvonásos: | one-act play |
| egyházi beszéd(ek): | sermon(s) |
| egykorú: | contemporaneous [manuscripts] |
| elbeszélés(ek): | short story(ies), novelette(s) |
| elbeszéli: | related, narrated by |
| elbeszélő(k): | narrative(s), epic [poem(s)]; narrator |
| elegyes: | miscellaneous [writings] |
| elem(ek): | element(s) [of poetry] |
| elemzés(ek): | analysis(es), examination(s) |
| életbölcsesség: | practical philosophy |
| élete: | [author's] life, biography |
| életkép(ek): | portrait(s) [of writer(s) usually in relation to times or personality] |
| életmű(vek): | lifework(s) |
| életrajza: | [author's] life, biography |
| életrajzokkal kísérte: | biographical sketches prepared by |
| élettan: | physiology, biology |
| élettörténetéhez: | [contribution] to [author's] biography |
| ellenforradalom: | counter-revolution |
| ellentmondás(ok): | contradiction(s), opposition(s) |
| elmélet(ek): | theory(ies), hypothesis(es) |
| elmélkedés(ek): | meditation(s), reflection(s) |
| élő: | live [series] |
| előadás(ok): | lecture(s), address(es); stage presentation(s) |
| előbeszéd(ek): | preface(s), introduction(s), prologue(s), prefatory discourse(s) |
| előjáték(ok): | prelude(s), prologue(s) [to plays] |
| előszó: | preface, foreword, introduction |
| előszóval ellátta: | preface, introduction by |
| előtanulmány(ok): | preliminary study(ies) |
| előzmények: | antecedents |
| első: | first [complete edition] |
| elv(ek): | principle(s), maxim(s) |
| emlék(ek): | remembrance(s) [of author] |
| emlékbeszéd(ek): | memorial(s), commemorative speech(es), sermon(s), address(es) . |
| emlékezés(ek): | remembrance(s), recollection(s), memoir(s) |
| emlékezet(ek): | memorial(s), remembrance(s) |
| emlékirat(ok): | memorial(s), memoir(s) |
| emlékkönyv: | memorial or presentation volume |
| emlékszám: | memorial or commemorative issue [of periodical] |
| emlény: | memorial verses or lines |
| ének(ek): | song(s), hymn(s) |
| énekes: | musical [pastoral play] |
| epigon: | imitator, derivative [poet] |
| epika: | epic poetry |
| epikus: | epic [poet] |
| eposköltő(k): | epic poet(s) |
| eposz: | epic, heroic poem |
| eredeti: | original [text] |
| erkölcsi: | moral, ethical [lectures] |
| erkölcsrajz: | [literary] picture of morality |
| értékelés(ek): | appraisal(s), évaluation(s) |
| értekezés: | dissertation, treatise, discourse, [doctoral] thesis |
| értelmező: | explanatory [dictionary] |
| értesítő: | bulletin [of school, society] |
| érzékeny: | sentimental, tender [songs] |
| esemény(ek): | event(s), occurrence(s), happening(s) |
| és később: | and later [other authors] |
| és többen: | and others |
| esszéíró: | writer of essays |
| eszköz(ök): | instrument(s), means |
| eszmefuttatások: | intellectual "races" |
| eszményei: | ideals of [author] |
| észrevételek: | observations, remarks, comments, reflections |
| év(ek): | year(s) |
| évfolyam: | volume [of periodical] |
| évfordulója: | anniversary of [author's birth, death] |
| évkönyv(ek): | almanac(s), yearbook(s), annual(s) |
| fajkép(ek): | sketch(es) [of Hungarian] types |
| falusi: | [play] about village |
| fejezet(ek): | chapter(s) [of book] |
| fejlődés: | development, growth, evolution |
| fejtegetés(ek): | expounding(s), explication(s), comment(s) |
| félbenmaradt: | unfinished, uncompleted [poems] |
| feldolgozta: | prepared by |
| felelet: | answer, reply |
| felfogás(ok): | [critical] comprehension(s), understanding(s), opinion(s), turn(s) of mind |
| felhasználásával: | with use of [author's writings] |
| felhívás(ok): | request(s) [for subscriptions] |
| feljegyzés(ek): | note(s), notice(s) |
| felkutatta: | [materials] unearthed by |
| felolvasások: | lectures |
| felszabadulás után: | [literature] after Liberation of 1945 |
| felszólalások: | speeches, remarks, objections |
| felújítás: | revival [of play] |
| felvonás: | act, [5] acts |
| felvonásban: | in [5] acts |
| felvonásos: | one-act [play] |
| festő(k): | painter(s), artist(s) |
| fiatalkori: | [poems] of [author's] youth |
| fiatal lányok számára: | [written] for young girls |
| fiúknak: | [written] for young boys |
| fogadtatás: | reception [given to book, author] |
| fohászai: | supplications of [author] |
| főiskola: | college, academy |
| folyam: | series, year [of periodical] |
| folyóirat(ok): | periodical(s), review(s), journal(s) |
| folytatása: | continuation of [literary work] |
| fordítás(ok): | translation(s) |
| fordította: | translated by |
| forgatókönyv: | scenario, script |
| formaművész: | artist of form |
| formanyelv: | form of expression, idiom |
| forradalom: | revolution |
| forrás(ok): | [literary, historical] source(s) |
| forrásjegyzet(ek): | source note(s) |
| főszerkesztő: | chief editor |
| függelék(ek): | appendix(es), supplement(s), addendum(a) |
| függelékkel ellátta: | appendix(es), supplement(s) prepared by |
| furcsa: | funny, whimsical, antic [character] |
| füzet(ek): | issue(s), fascicle(s) |
| gáláns költészet: | amatory poetry |
| genreképek: | genre pictures |
| glosszárium: | glossary, gloss |
| gondolat(ok): | thought(s), reflection(s), idea(s) |
| gondolatvilág: | [author's] world of thought |
| gondozásában: | under editorship of |
| gondozta: | under editorship of |
| gyermekek számára: | [written] for children |
| gyermekversek: | nursery rhymes |
| gyűjtemény(ek): | collection(s) |
| gyűjtés(ek): | collection(s) |
| gyűjtögette: | collected by |
| gyűjtötte: | collected by |
| hadtudomány: | military science, tactics |
| hadügy: | military affairs |
| hagyaték(ok): | literary remains, posthumous papers |
| halotti beszéd: | funeral oration, sermon |
| hang(ok): | tone(s), voice(s) |
| hangjáték: | radio play |
| három felvonásban: | in three acts |
| hasonmás: | facsimile |
| hatás(ok): | effect(s), influence(s) |
| hátrahagyott: | posthumous [works], [literary] remains, sometimes work not in specific previously published edition |
| háttér: | background [of period] |
| hazafias: | patriotic [poems] |
| hazai: | native, Hungarian [drama] |
| helyesírás: | orthography |
| helyzetkép: | general survey, state of affairs, situation report |
| hírlap(ok): | newspaper(s) |
| hírlapíró: | journalist, newspaperman |
| história: | story, tale, history |
| históriás énekek: | verse-chronicle, rhymed chronicle lay, epic or historical songs |
| hitrege(ék): | myth (mythology) |
| hősköltemény(ek): | heroic epic(s), poem(s), lay(s) |
| hozzákötve: | [literary study] bound with |
| humoreszk(ek): | humorous sketch(es), writing(s) |
| id. (idősb) : | older, elder, Senior |
| idegennyelvű: | [written] in foreign language |
| idézet(ek): | quotation(s), citation(s), extract(s) [from book] |
| ifj. (ifjabb): | younger, Junior |
| ifjabbkori: | [poems] from [author's] early years |
| ifjúság: | [books for] the young |
| ifjúsági: | juvenile [literature] |
| igaz: | true [stories] |
| ima(ák): | prayer(s), devotions |
| imádság: | prayer, devotions |
| imádságos könyv: | prayerbook |
| indulás: | beginning, start [of author's career] |
| irányítás: | direction, guiding |
| írás(ok): | writings, works |
| írásművészet: | art of writing |
| irat(ok): | writing(s), document(s) |
| író(k): | writer(s), author(s) |
| íróbarát(ok): | author friend(s), colleague(s) |
| irodalmi: | literary |
| irodalom: | literature, letters, bibliography |
| irodalomszemlélet: | view of literature |
| irodalomtörténet: | history of literature, literary history |
| irodalomtudomány: | literary scholarship |
| írói: | literary |
| írta(ák): | written by (more than one author) |
| ismeretlen: | unknown [letters, works] |
| ismert: | know [poems] |
| ismertetés(ek): | review(s), critique(s) |
| ismerteti: | [work] being made known by |
| ismertető: | informative [study] |
| ízlés: | [literary, artistic] taste |
| játék(ok): | play(s), acting, performance(s) |
| játékos: | playful, sportive [scenes] |
| játékszíni: | [antecedents] of theater |
| javítás: | improvement, betterment [of text] |
| jegyzés(ek): | note(s), notetakings |
| jegyzet(ek): | note(s), annotation(s) |
| jegyzeteket írta: | notes, annotations, or glosses prepared by |
| jegyzetekkel ellátta: | notes, annotations, or glosses prepared by |
| jegyzetekkel kísérte: | notes, annotations, or glosses prepared by |
| jegyzetelte: | annotated by |
| jegyzetezte: | annotated by |
| jegyzetszótár: | dictionary of notes |
| jelenés: | [play] scene |
| jelenet(ek): | play scene(s) |
| jelenkori: | contemporary |
| jelentés(ek): | report(s), announcement(s) |
| jellegű: | [work] with character of [autobiography] |
| jellem: | character, personality [of author] |
| jellemrajz(ok): | character portrayal(s), study(ies), sketch(es) |
| jóslás(ok): | prediction(s) |
| jutalom: | [literary] prize, award |
| jutányos kiadás: | inexpensive, cheap edition |
| kabaréjelenetek: | cabaret scenes |
| kaland(ok): | adventure(s) |
| kalandos: | adventure [novel] |
| kalauz: | guide, manual, compendium, handbook |
| kapcsolat(ok): | connection(s), relation(s), relationship(s) |
| kapcsos könyv: | book, album with clasp |
| karcolat(ok): | [literary] sketch(es) |
| karikatura(ák): | [literary] caricature(s) |
| katonai: | military [poem, song] |
| keletkezési: | [year] of [work's] origin |
| képanyag: | illustrations |
| képben: | [drama] in [six] scenes |
| képek: | scenes |
| képes: | illustrated |
| képletek: | formulae |
| képszerűség: | pictorial, imagistic quality |
| képzelet: | [author's] imagination, fancy |
| képzőművészeti: | [academy] of fine arts |
| kérdés(ek): | question(s), problem(s), issue(s) |
| későbbi: | later or changed [title] |
| készítette: | [notes, materials] prepared by |
| kétes hitelűek: | writings of questionable or doubtful authorship |
| kezdetei: | beginnings of [Hungarian poetry] |
| kézikönyv(ek): | handbook(s), manual(s), reference book(s) |
| kézirat(ok): | manuscript(s), typescript(s) |
| kiadás(ok): | edition(s), impression(s) |
| kiadása: | publication of [individual, press] |
| kiadatlan: | unpublished, unedited, unprinted; uncollected [in book] |
| kiadja(ák): | published, issued by |
| kiadó: | publisher, publishing house |
| kiadója: | [work's] publisher |
| kiadott: | published [works] |
| kiadóvállalat: | publishing firm, house |
| kiadta: | published, issued by |
| kialakulás: | formation, development, evolution [of work] |
| kibocsájtja: | released by |
| kidolgozás: | [second] draft |
| kiegészítette: | completed by, supplemented [work] with |
| kiegészítő: | supplementary |
| kinyomtatás: | [second] printing, impression |
| kinyomtatta: | had [work] printed |
| kisebb: | shorter [poems, works] |
| kíséret(ek): | accompaniment(s) |
| kísérlet(ek): | experiment(s), improvisation(s) |
| kísérő tanulmány: | accompanying study |
| kísérte: | [work] accompanied [by study] by |
| kispajtásoknak: | [story] for little friends, fellows |
| kisregény(ek): | short novel(s), novelette(s); romance(s) |
| kiválasztás: | selection |
| kiszemelve s itt-ott módosítva: | selected and modified here and there |
| költemény(ek): | poem (poetry) |
| költeményei: | poems of [author] |
| költészet: | poetry, poesy |
| költő(k): | poet(s), bard(s) |
| költői: | poetic |
| könyv(ek): | book(s), volume(s) |
| könyvdíszítés: | decoration of books |
| könyvecske: | booklet |
| könyvesbolt: | bookstore, bookshop |
| könyvészet: | bibliography |
| könyvjegyzet(ek): | book note(s) |
| könyvkiadó: | publisher, publishing house |
| könyvnyomtatás: | printing of books |
| könyvtár(ak): | library(ies) |
| könyvtáros: | librarian |
| kor: | age, epoch, period, times |
| kora: | [author's] times |
| korábbi címe: | earlier, former title of |
| korhatások: | influences, effects of period |
| korrajz(ok): | sketch(es) of [literary] period |
| korszak: | period, age, era, epoch, times |
| kortárs(ak): | a contemporary(ies) |
| kortörténet: | history of period, age |
| körvonalazás: | outlining, delineation |
| köt. (kötet) : | volume(s) |
| kötet(ek): | volume(s) |
| kötetbe nem foglalt: | [poems] not contained in previous volume |
| kötetben: | in [number of] volumes, as in "négy kötet három kötetben," "4 volumes in 3 volumes" |
| követjelentések: | [parliamentary] delegate reports |
| középiskola: | secondary school, high school, gymnasium |
| közlemények: | communications, notices, announcements |
| közli: | published by |
| közlöny: | gazette, journal, bulletin |
| közmondás(ok): | proverb(s), saying(s), adage(s) |
| köznapi: | everyday [occurrences] |
| közrebocsájtja: | published by |
| közreműködésével: | with collaboration, cooperation, assistance of |
| közreműködött: | with cooperation, assistance of |
| köztük: | [Shakespeare translations] included among [other works in edition] |
| közzéteszi(k): | edited, published by |
| kritika(ák): | criticism(s), critique(s), review(s) |
| kritikai: | critical [study] |
| kritikus: | critic, reviewer |
| krónika: | chronicle |
| krónikás: | chronicle [play] |
| külföldi: | foreign; foreigner |
| külföldön: | [Hungarian literature] abroad, overseas |
| különféle: | diverse, various [kinds of writings] |
| különvélemények: | dissenting opinions |
| kultúra: | civilization, culture |
| látványos bohóság: | spectacular buffoonery |
| legszebb: | most beautiful [poems] |
| legújabb: | newest, latest [poems] |
| lenyomat: | imprint, impression |
| levél (levelek): | [author's] letter(s) |
| levelesláda: | muniments chest, family archives or correspondence |
| levelezése: | [author's] letters, correspondence |
| levélíró: | letter-writer, correspondent |
| levélregény: | epistolary novel |
| levéltár: | archive |
| levéltári: | archival [notes] |
| levonásban: | in [four] printings |
| líra: | lyric poetry, lyric poems |
| lírikus: | lyric [style]; lyric poet |
| magyarázat(ok): | explanation(s), explication(s) |
| magyarázó: | explanatory [study] |
| magyarázta: | explained, annotated, commented upon by |
| magyarázza: | explained, explicated by |
| mai: | today's [Hungarian novel] |
| maradványai: | [author's literary] remains |
| maradvány(ok): | remaining work(s) [of author] |
| másféle: | different, dissimilar [kinds of writings] |
| másik: | other [volume] |
| második: | second [edition] |
| megbízásából: | publication commissioned by [Hungarian Academy of Sciences] |
| meg-bővítve közre botsátotta: | enlarged edition released by |
| megfigyelés(ek): | observation(s) |
| megjegyzés(ek): | remark(s), observation(s), comment(s) |
| meg-magyarította: | [text] magyarized by |
| megyei: | county [speeches] |
| mese(ék): | tale(s), fable(s) |
| mesejáték(ok): | fairy play(s) |
| mesekönyv: | story-book |
| mesemondás: | art in narration |
| meséskönyv: | story-book |
| minden: | complete [works] |
| minta(ák): | pattern(s), design(s) [of work] |
| miráklum: | miracle play |
| misztérium: | mystery, miracle play |
| művelődés: | culture, civilization, education, improvement |
| módszertan: | methodology |
| monda(ák): | legend(s), saga(s), myth(s) |
| mondás(ok): | saying(s), expression(s) |
| mozgóképjáték: | motion picture play |
| mű(vek): | work(s), writing(s), composition(s) |
| műbölcselet: | philosophy of writing |
| műfaj(ok): | literary form(s), genre(s) |
| műfordítás(ok): | translation(s) [of literary work] |
| műhely: | [author's] workshop, workroom |
| működése: | activity, functioning [of author] |
| mulattató-könyv: | entertaining book |
| munka: | [literary] work |
| munkái: | [author's] writings, works |
| munkája: | [author's] work |
| munkálkodás: | activity, working |
| munkásjellemek: | characteristics of worker, laborer |
| munkásság: | [author's literary] activity |
| munkásügy: | worker's, laborer's question, affairs, matters |
| musikára tette: | set to music by |
| mutató(k): | index(es) |
| mutogatja: | displayed by |
| művei: | works, writings of [author] |
| művelődés: | culture, civilization, education, improvement |
| művelődéstörténet: | history of culture |
| művész: | artist |
| művészet: | [author's] art, artistry |
| művészetfilozófia: | philosophy of art |
| nagyobb: | larger, longer [poems] |
| napló: | diary, journal |
| naplójegyzetek: | diary notes, memoranda |
| naptár: | calendar, almanac |
| néhány: | some, few, several [poems] |
| nemesítő próza: | prose for [moral] improvement |
| nemzedékrend: | genealogy |
| nemzeti: | national [edition] |
| népballada(ák): | folk ballad(s) |
| népdal(ok): | folk song(s) |
| népies: | popular [poem] |
| népiesség: | popular characteristics, popularity [of poem] |
| népi játék(ok): | traditional children's game(s) accompanied by music |
| népköltés: | popular poetry, folk poetry |
| népköltészet: | folk poetry, popular poetry |
| népmese(ék): | folk tale(s), story(ies) |
| népmonda(ák): | popular legend(s), saga(s) |
| néprajztudomány: | ethnography |
| népszínmű(vek): | 19th-century play(s) about peasants |
| név(nevek): | name(s) |
| neveléstörténet: | history of education, pedagogy |
| névmutató: | name index |
| névsor: | list of names |
| nézetei: | views of [author] |
| néző(k): | onlooker(s), spectator(s), audience |
| nézőjáték: | play for audience |
| novella(ák): | short story(ies), novelette(s) |
| novellista(ák): | short-story writer(s), story-writer(s) |
| növendék(ek): | pupil(s), student(s) |
| nyájas: | amiable, friendly [poems] |
| nyelv(ek): | language(s) |
| nyelvemlék(ek): | language remains, relic(s) |
| nyelvi: | lingual, linguistic [phenomenon] |
| nyelvművelő: | language-cultivating [study] |
| nyelvtan: | grammar |
| nyelvtudomány: | linguistics, philology |
| nyelvújítás: | language reform, neology, neologism |
| nyelvújító: | language reformer |
| nyílt levél: | open letter |
| nyomda: | printing office, press |
| nyomán: | in the steps of [author] |
| nyomában: | in the steps of [author] |
| nyomtatvány(ok): | printed paper(s), book(s) |
| okirat(ok): | document(s), deed(s), instrument(s), paper(s) |
| oklevél(oklevelek): | charter(s), document(s), deed(s) |
| okmány(ok): | document(s), record(s), deed(s), certificate(s) |
| oktatás: | teaching, instruction |
| olvasmány: | piece of reading |
| olvasó(k): | reader(s) |
| olvasótár: | repository for reader |
| önarckép: | self- portrait [of author] |
| önbírálat: | self-criticism |
| önéletírás: | autobiography |
| önéletrajz: | autobiography |
| országgyűlési: | parliamentary [speeches] |
| összeáll. (összeállító[k]): | compiler(s) |
| összeállította: | compiled, collected by |
| összefoglaló: | comprehensive, recapitulative, summary [study] |
| összegyűjtött: | collected [works] |
| összegyűjtötte: | collected by |
| összekötő szövegek: | linking texts, running commentaries, bridging title |
| összekötve: | inter-connected [writings] |
| összes: | complete, collected [works] |
| összeválogatta: | selected by |
| ősszöveg: | original text |
| összevetette: | collated by |
| öszveszedte: | collected by |
| ötlet(ek): | ingenious thought(s), inspiration(s) |
| óvilági: | old-world [tale] |
| pálya: | career, calling, profession |
| pályafordulat: | turning-point in career |
| pályakép: | picture of [author's] career |
| pályakezdés: | start of career |
| parasztság: | peasantry; peasants |
| párbeszéd(ek): | dialogue(s), colloquy(ies) |
| párhuzam(ok): | parallel(s) [in], comparison(s) [between two authors' works] |
| páros: | paired [scene] |
| pásztorjáték(ok): | pastoral play(s), pastorale(s) |
| példa(ák): | example(s) |
| példabeszéd(ek): | parable(s) |
| példázat: | parable, apologue, allegory |
| per: | dispute |
| portré: | [literary] portrait |
| pótkötet: | supplementary volume |
| pótlás(ok): | addendum(a), supplement(s) |
| pótlék(ok): | substitute(s) |
| pótló: | additional, supplementary |
| prédikáció(k): | sermon(s) |
| programmbeszéd(ek): | policy-making speech(es) |
| prózaíró: | prose-writer |
| publicista: | publicist, political writer |
| publicisztikai: | [writings] about public, current affairs |
| pusztai: | [novel] about the plains |
| rajz(ok): | sketch(es), portrayal(s), description(s) |
| rajzolat: | outline, tracery |
| reflexiók: | remarks, reflections |
| rege(ék): | tale(s) saga(s), legend(s), myth(s) |
| regény(ek): | novel(s) |
| regényalakok: | characters in novel |
| regény-dramatizálások: | dramatizations of novels |
| regényes: | romantic [drama] |
| regényítészet: | criticism of novel |
| regényke: | short novel, novelette |
| regénytárgyak: | subject matter of novel |
| regényvázlat: | novel-sketch |
| régészeti: | archeological [study] |
| régi: | ancient, old, early [work] |
| régibb: | earlier [stories] |
| remek(ek): | masterpiece(s) [of author] |
| rendezte: | organized by, prepared for press by |
| rendszeres: | systematic [aesthetics] |
| rész: | part(s) [of work] |
| részlet(ek): | detail(s), particulars, fragment(s), portion(s) |
| részletes: | detailed [table of contents, index] |
| rím(ek): | rhyme(s) |
| rímjáték(ok): | play(s) in rhyme |
| riport(ok): | [newspaper] report(s), story(ies), write-up(s) |
| riportsorozat: | reportage |
| ritmika: | rhythm |
| ritmikai: | [principles] of rhythm |
| ritmus: | rhythm |
| rögtönzés(ek): | improvisation(s), extemporization(s) |
| röpirat(ok): | leaflet(s), pamphlet(s) |
| röplap(ok): | leaflet(s), handbill(s) |
| rövid: | short [poem] |
| r.t. (részvénytársaság): | company, ltd. |
| sajtó alá rendezte: | prepared, edited for press by |
| segédszerkesztő: | assistant editor |
| serdülő ifjúság számára: | [novel] for adolescent youth |
| sorozat: | series, serial |
| sorrend: | [chronological] order, sequence [of poems] |
| sors: | state, lot [of book-printing in Hungary] |
| stb. (s a többi) : | et cetera |
| stilisztika: | style |
| stilisztikai: | [studies] of style |
| stílművészet: | art of style |
| stílus: | style |
| studium(ok): | treatise(s), essay(s), dissertation(s), study(ies) |
| szabadon átdolgozva: | freely revised |
| szabadon fordította: | freely translated by |
| szakaszban: | [play] in [five] sections, parts |
| szakirodalom: | technical literature, special bibliography |
| szám: | number, issue [of periodical] |
| szavalókórus: | speaking choir, choral speaking |
| század(ok): | century(ies) |
| szedte: | collected by |
| székfoglaló: | inaugural [address] |
| szélén: | [author] on edge [of career] |
| szellemidezés: | conjuration [of author's spirit, character] |
| szemelvény(ek): | selection(s) |
| személyiség: | personality |
| széphistória: | literary account of history |
| szépirodalom: | belles-lettres; literature |
| szépliteratúra: | belles-lettres, literature |
| széppróza: | [artistic] prose, [works of] fiction |
| széptan: | aesthetics |
| széptani: | aesthetic |
| szerepe: | role of [author] |
| szerk. (szerkesztő [k]) : | editor(s) |
| szerkesztette(ék): | edited by |
| szerkeszti: | being edited by |
| szerkesztő(k): | editor(s) |
| szerkesztőbizottság: | editorial board |
| szerkesztői üzenetek: | replies to readers' letters |
| szerzelék: | [supporting] material attached [to document] |
| szerző(k): | author(s), writer(s), composer(s) |
| szeszélyes regény: | capricious, whimsical, fanciful novel |
| színdarab(ok): | play(s), drama(s), playlet(s) |
| színészélet: | actor's life |
| színészeti: | [studies] of theater, drama, acting |
| színház: | theater, playhouse |
| színházi: | [studies] of theater, stage, playhouse |
| színikritikus: | dramatic critic |
| színjáték(ok): | drama(s), play(s) |
| színmű(vek): | drama(s), play(s), dramatic piece(s) |
| színpad: | stage |
| színpadi: | theatrical, [scenes] for stage |
| szó(szavak): | word(s) |
| szóhangulat: | emotional element in words |
| szómagyarázat: | explanation of words, gloss |
| szomorújáték(ok): | tragedy(ies) |
| szónoki: | oratorical [works] |
| szótár: | dictionary, word-book, vocabulary |
| szótár író: | lexicographer |
| szöveg(ek): | text(s) |
| szöveghagyomány: | literary remains |
| szövegjavító: | [notes] emending text |
| szövegkönyv: | libretto, script |
| szövegrész: | passage [from text] |
| születése: | birth, origin of [Hungarian prose] |
| tájmúzeum: | country museum |
| tájszóhasználat: | use of dialect words |
| tanács: | advice, counsel |
| tanácsadás(ok): | offer(s) of advice, counsel |
| tanár: | professor, teacher |
| tanító(k): | teacher(s) |
| tanítóregény: | didactic novel |
| tanítvány(ok): | student(s), pupil(s) |
| tanköltemény(ek): | didactic poem(s) |
| tankönyv(ek): | textbook(s) |
| tanulmány(ok): | study(ies), treatise(s), dissertation(s) |
| tanúság: | evidence, proof |
| tanregény: | didactic novel |
| tár(a): | [author's] depository, collection |
| tárca(ák): | feuilleton(s); special article(s), short story(ies) in newspaper |
| tárcacikk(ek): | special article(s) in newspaper |
| tárcanovella(ák): | short story(ies) in newspaper |
| tárgy(ak): | subject(s), subject matter |
| tárgymutató: | subject index |
| tárgytörténeti: | [notes] on history of subjects |
| tárgyú: | with [Rumanian] subject matter |
| társadalmi regény: | novel of manners |
| társadalmi vígjáték: | comedy of manners |
| társadalomrajz: | sketch of society |
| társaság: | society, company, association |
| társulat: | society, association, company, union |
| tartalomjegyzék: | table of contents, index, register repertory |
| teljes: | complete [works] |
| teljesebb: | more complete [edition] |
| temetési: | funeral [orations] |
| természeti: | [views] of nature |
| természetrajz: | natural history |
| terv(ek): | plan(s), scheme(s); design(s) |
| tollrajz(ok): | [literary] pen sketch(es) |
| töredék(ek): | [literary] fragment(s) |
| történelem: | history |
| történelemszemlélet: | view of, attitude toward history |
| történelmi regény(ek): | historical novel(s) |
| történet(ek): | story(ies), tale(s), narrative(s); history |
| történetfilozófia: | philosophy of history |
| történeti: | historical [drama] |
| történetíró(k): | historian(s), historiographer(s) |
| történettudomány: | historical scholarship or science, history |
| továbbá: | [studies] besides, in addition to [author's works] |
| tréfa(ák): | funny story(ies), anecdote(s) |
| tréfás: | funny, droll [story] |
| tudomány: | learning, knowledge |
| tudományos: | scientific, scholarly, learned [periodical, society] |
| tudomány-történelem: | history of learning, knowledge |
| tudori: | doctoral [thesis] |
| tudós(ok): | man(men) of learning, letters, or science |
| tudósítás(ok): | information, advice, notice(s), news report(s) |
| új: | new [edition] |
| újabb: | newer, more recent [poems] |
| újabb életre hozta: | [novel] newly revived by |
| újjólag kinyomattak: | newly printed, published by |
| új lenyomat: | reprint |
| újonnan: | newly [printed] |
| újra szerkesztette: | newly edited by |
| újság(ok): | newspaper(s) |
| újságcikk(ek): | newspaper article(s) |
| újságíró(k): | journalist(s), newspaperman(men) |
| újságírói: | journalistic, publicistic [work] |
| újságmágnás(ok): | newspaper magnate(s) |
| ünnep(ek): | holiday(s), celebration(s), ceremony(ies) |
| ünnepi beszéd(ek): | festal address(es), official or inaugural speech(es) |
| után: | [translation prepared] on basis of [someone else's work] |
| utasítás(ok): | command(s), order(s), directive(s), instruction(s) |
| úti: | travel [notes] |
| úti élmények: | travel experiences |
| útijegyzetek: | travel notes |
| útinapló: | travel diary, journal |
| útirajz(ok): | account(s) of journey, travel sketch(es) |
| útja: | [author's] journey [to Budapest], course of [author's career] |
| útmutató: | guide-book, guide [to archives] |
| utóélete: | course of [author's posthumous reputation] |
| utójáték: | epilogue [of play] |
| utófohászok: | supplementary supplications |
| utolsó: | last |
| utószó: | epilogue [to edition] |
| utószót írta: | epilogue, postscript or introductory essay (placed at end of volume) by |
| válasz: | answer, reply |
| vallásfilozófia: | religious philosophy, philosophy of religion |
| vallásos: | religious [poetry] |
| vallomás(ok): | confession(s) |
| való: | real, true |
| válogatása: | selection made by |
| válogatott: | selected [works] |
| válogatta: | selected by |
| válogatva kiadta: | selected and published by |
| változat(ok): | version(s), variant(s) |
| városi: | [novel] about city |
| vázlat(ok): | sketch(es), outline(s) |
| végezte: | completed by |
| vegyes: | unclassified, miscellaneous [poems] |
| vélemény(ek): | opinion(s), view(s), belief(s) |
| vers(ek): | verse(s), poem(s), piece(s) of poetry |
| versekbe foglalt: | put into verse [by] |
| verselés: | versification, metrics, prosody |
| verses: | [written] in verse |
| versművészet: | art, artistry of verse |
| vezércikk(ek): | editorial(s), lead article(s) |
| vidám: | gay, mirthful, cheerful [story] |
| vidéki: | rural [play] |
| víg: | gay, mirthful, jolly, merry [story] |
| vígjáték(ok): | comedy(ies) |
| vígjátékíró: | comedy-writer |
| világkép(ek): | world concept(s) |
| világnézet: | world view, Weltanschauung |
| virágének(ek): | love or flower songs |
| visszaemlékezés(ek): | remembrance(s), recollection(s) |
| vita(ák): | debate(s), discussion(s), dispute(s) |
| vitairat(ok): | polemical essay(s), or treatise(s), controversial pamphlet(s) |
| vonalai: | [main] outlines, contours of [author's works] |
| vonás(ok): | trait(s), feature(s), lineament(s) |
| vonatkozás(ok): | connection(s), relation(s) [of author with period] |
| zenével: | [play] with music |
| zenével és kar énekkel: | with orchestra and choral songs |
| zsebkönyv: | pocket manual, handbook |
| zsenge(ék): | first [literary] fruit(s) |
| zsoltárénekszerző: | psalm-writer |
| zsoltárvers(ek): | psalm(s) |
Selecting authors from the vast literature of Hungary since its beginnings has not been an easy task. It has been complicated by the necessity of giving representation to twentieth-century emigré writers whose reputations were established before they left Hungary as well as to recent writers who have been contributing significantly to Hungarian literature in Czechoslovakia, Rumania, and Yugoslavia. The chief difficulty in selection has been the choice among authors of secondary rank, in my endeavor to report on all writers essential to the study of the various facets and trends of each period. The problem of selection according to this criterion became increasingly difficult as the development of the national literature accelerated with the opening of the nineteenth century, and became even more complex with the richness of literary growth in the twentieth century. The years since 1945 have posed the special problem of proximity; I have indicated the tentativeness of my decisions by placing the authors of this period in Part II.
The authors treated are arranged alphabetically in the two parts of the handbook, but those in Part I are grouped by literary periods in Appendix D: six from 1450 to 1630, thirteen from 1630 to 1772, twenty-nine from 1772 to 1849, twenty-three from 1849 to 1905, sixteen from 1905 to 1918, fifty-two from 1919 to 1945, and twenty-three from 1945 to the present. Some arbitrariness has necessarily attended the grouping; some might well have been included in the period immediately before or after the one to which I have assigned them. In the Introductory bibliography Iincluded some writers omitted here; they are Mátyás Bél, Péter Bod, István Geleji Katona, Péter Ilosvai Selymes, Lajos Kossuth, István Magyari, Péter Melius, Jenő Péterfy, Frigyes Riedl, Gyula Sárosi, István Széchenyi, Ferenc Toldy, and Gereben Vas.
The systematic review of both primary and secondary sources is based almost entirely on the holdings in the National Széchényi Library, the Library of the Institute of Literary History, and the Library of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, and it concludes with August 1, 1965. A few items published after that date are cited, but they are only those I encountered by chance after I had completed my research in Hungary. All the editions recorded, whether numbered or not, except those for which I have cited a bibliographical source, have been examined, and the annotations of secondary sources are all based on my examination.
As a means of helping the student obtain titles through inter-library loan or some photographic process, I have included location symbols for numbered items known to be available in selected libraries in the United States and Europe. The locations are based on searches of the National Union Catalog housed in the Library of Congress, the catalogues of all the European libraries listed in Appendix E, and the holdings of the following libraries in the United States: the Columbia University Library, the New York Public Library, the University of Minnesota Library, the Harvard College Library, the Cleveland Public Library, the University of Chicago Library, and the Chicago Public Library. I regret that several months of effort to arrange for the search of the holdings of the Bibliothèque Nationale, the Bibliothèque de la Sorbonne, and the Institut Hongrois in Paris proved fruitless. I am pleased to note, however, that the results of searching the still uncatalogued acquisitions of the British Museum, numbering about 5000 titles, are reported in the text. Because of the limited numbers of libraries searched, the possibilities of error in searching library catalogues, and the continuing growth of collections of Hungarian literature in the United States and Europe, the student should be encouraged to check the holdings of both reported and unreported libraries in his quest for the works he needs. For acquisitions by United States libraries since 1965, he should also be urged to examine the supplements to the National union catalog andto New serial titles.
The entries for each author are preceded by a biographical sketch and are listed chronologically by date of publication under the headings Editions, Bibliography, Biography, and Criticism respectively. The biographical sketch provides basic data about the author's life, some general comments about his writings and his place in the literature, and mention of foreign languages in which his works have been published in book form. The data on translations are derived principally from Tibor Demeter's mimeographed Magyar szépirodalom idegen nyelven (Budapest: Tibor Demeter, 1957-1958; 11 vols.) and Magyar irodalmi lexikon (Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1963-1965; 3 vols.). For information on more recent translations, the student should consult the Index translationum (Paris: UNESCO, 1949+). My time in Hungary did not allow for the examination or recording of all the works the authors translated, edited, or compiled, or those for which they prepared introductory materials. I have, however, made a special effort to provide as nearly complete a record as possible of the first publication in book form of their original writings.
The data on these first editions are presented in various ways. The first publication of a book by an author whose writings have been gathered posthumously into a complete or nearly complete collection is cited in a paragraph headed First Editions. On the other hand, first publications in the case of a living author, an author whose writings were first published in book form after his death, or an author for whom there is no comprehensive posthumous edition are listed under Editions and identified by a superior figure one (1) after the date of publication. Sometimes the record of first publications is continued from First Editions to Editions: This practice is followed when an incomplete but still important collection of an author's works was published during his lifetime. In such a case, that collection and the works succeeding it are listed under Editions and first publication is identified by the raised numeral after the date, while titles published earlier are shown in the paragraph headed First Editions. Separate reprints from periodicals are not identified as first editions because I have reserved that term for first publication in book form.
Among the numbered later editions I have sought to include the best editions available and to report all the writings of the authors published in book form. My selection of editions issued after the author's death has been governed by their reliability. The quality of the edition is designated in brackets at the end of the citation: A, a text meeting all the requirements of modern textual criticism; B, a reliable text, often containing some critical apparatus; and C, a popular edition, sometimes containing works not available in other editions listed. In some instances, however, an edition has been selected not because of its critical reliability but because of the importance of its preface or introduction. Occasionally such introductory material has been annotated among the secondary sources in the biographical or critical sections. When I have been able to compare the contents of editions containing more than one work by an author, I have distinguished individual titles specifically as first or later publication, or by a raised numeral after the date of publication.
The absence of a date of publication, a painfully frequent occurrence in Hungarian publishing, has posed an especially thorny difficulty. After consulting many basic bibliographical sources, and depending very heavily on the catalogue of the National Széchényi Library, I have recorded the most reliable date without enclosing it in brackets. I have often used bibliographical sources, especially the catalogue of the National Széchényi Library, for identification of the genre, noting it in brackets if it was not named on the book's title page.
The sections on secondary sources for each author are based on a careful survey of bibliographies, monographs, articles in periodicals, and collections of scholarly and critical studies. They are arranged under the headings Bibliography, Biography, and Criticism, chronologically by date of first publication in order to provide a historical perspective of the development of opinion concerning the author treated. Studies cited from collections have been traced in almost every case to their first publication and compared with the original version, and bibliographical data on the first appearance have been added at the end of the entry.
The secondary sources represent works which, in my view, are essential to beginning the study of each author. The biographical and critical studies are mainly of a general nature, but are sometimes concerned with special problems. I have also kept an eye out for short studies which summarize an author's importance at a particular historical time or mark a change in attitude toward him and his writings. In the absence of substantial scholarly studies I have sometimes turned to reviews. In classifying the items under the headings of Biography and Criticism, I have exercised the utmost care, but the fine distinction between them requires that both sections be examined. To assist the student, I have noted the presence of both kinds of material in the annotations under each of the headings.
Appendix A updates my Introductory bibliography by including primary and secondary material of value published between 1960 and 1965. Appendix B provides information about most of the literary awards, learned and literary societies, newspapers, and periodicals mentioned in the biographical sketches. Appendix C lists the periodicals from which numbered items are cited. Since in the Hungarian language the surname always precedes the given name, my practice has been to record these names in that order when they appear in Hungarian texts, but to reverse them when they appear in non-Hungarian texts, as in annotations and foreign titles.
For students not completely at home in the Hungarian language, I have provided a glossary of Hungarian bibliographical, literary, and learned terms and phrases that frequently recur in the citations. `