the siege of Nándorfehérvár, the battle of Kenyérmező, the battle of Udbinja
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This was part of the Osman campaign led by sultan Mehmed II. Its main objective was to take over Nándorfehérvár - which belonged to Serbia - before 1427. The Osman army, of about 60,000 - 70,000 soldiers, set out at the beginning of May, 1456. They arrived at the fortress on 3 July. The captain of the fortress was Michael Szilágyi, and he had about 5,000 soldiers. The siege began the following day. On 15 July the ships of the crusaders broke through the Turkish defensive line on the river, and the soldiers on the land helped the ones in the fortress, camping on the opposite bank of the river Sava. On 21 July the Turks occupied the town, and attacked the fortress. But the crusaders crossed the Sava under the leadership of Kapisztrán, and Hunyadi - and breaking out of the fortress - took over the canon sites. The sultan's army retreated under the protection of the spahis, so they were not pursued.
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the battle of Kenyérmező
The main battle of a plundering campaign was started by Bey Hasan-oglu Isa in 1479, who marched to Transylvania with an army of 40,000 Turkish soldiers and 15,000 people from the Havasalföld. The retreating army was attacked on the right bank of the river Maros, between Alvinc and Szászváros by the voivode Stephen Báthori's own troops as well as Moldavian and Saxon armies. After a 6-hour battle the Hungarian wings dissolved, and only the main army were able to fight on, but the heavy cavalry of Paul Kinizsi arrived from the south just in time and attacked the Osmans from the rear. Eventually Kinizsi's and Báthori's army gained a victory. Both armies suffered heavy losses, and according to contemporary sources 8,000 Hungarians and 30,000 Turkish soldiers fell in the battle.
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the battle of Udbinja
This was part of the plundering campaign against Inner-Austria started by Bosnian Pasha Jakub in 1493. The retreating army of 6,000 soldiers was attacked by Emeric Dercsényi's army of 1,500 Croatian-Slavonian-Dalmatian horsemen and 12,000 foot soldiers. They had been waiting for three days, and on 11 September Emeric Dercsényi attacked at Udbinja in Korbavia. According to the Dalmatian historian, Tubero "almost all the Croatian noblemen lost their lives, and the land was deserted". The Croatian ban was captured and died in Turkish captivity.
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