Born March 27, 1891 in Nagyszalonta. Novelist, dramatist, short-story writer. Father notary public. Attended schools in Nagyszalonta, Erzsébetváros, and Máramarossziget. Obtained doctorate in jurisprudence from University of Budapest and worked in a law office in Nagyszalonta. Wounded in action in World War I. His poems published during World War I brought first fame. Joined staff of Magyarország in early 1920's; became its editor 1934-1936. Awarded Vojnits Prize by Hungarian Academy of Sciences for Süt a nap (1924), A tábornok (1928), and A szűz és a gödölye (1937). Became member of Kisfaludy-Társaság in 1925, later of Petőfi-Társaság. Worked as journalist in Paris and London. Elected president of PEN Club in 1926. Staff member of Budapesti Hírlap in 1927 and Az Est Publications in 1930's. Edited Magyarország 1934-1936; meanwhile founded short-lived Új Szellemi Front, an organization of populist writers. Edited Híd 1940-1944. Opposed both fascism and communism. Founded Pegazus for production of motion pictures and directed some of them. One of them, Fatornyok, banned in 1944. Gave all assets to government treasury in early 1940's for use in educating youth in world peace, which led to the establishment of Kitűnőek Iskolája. In 1945 he became first president of Hungarian-Soviet Cultural Society and editor of Irodalom és Tudomány. Emigrated to United States in 1947, where he continues to write. Some of his plays have been produced on Broadway and filmed in Hollywood. A szűz és a gödölye was revived by Jókai Színház in Budapest in 1957. ¶ His plays and novels are the most important part of his writings. Blends romanticism and realism. Delineates the disintegration of Hungarian middle class. Strongly humanistic in outlook. Attacks ruling class for offenses against Hungarian people. Widely read at home and abroad. ¶ Several of his novels have been translated into Bulgarian, Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, English, Esthonian, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Polish, Rumanian, Serbian, Slovakian, Spanish (mainly), Swedish, and Turkish, and some of his plays into German, Italian, and Spanish; an edition of his short stories is available in Spanish; and some of his short stories have been translated into Bulgarian, Croatian, English, Esthonian, French, German, Italian, Polish, Portuguese, Slovakian, Spanish, and Swedish, and some of his poems into German.
EDITIONS
4214. Versei. 1914-1916. Beöthy Zso1t előszavával. Budapest: Singer és Wolfner, 19161. 128p. CSt CSt-H
4215. Az ökör és más komédiák. [Kis színművek] Budapest: Rózsavölgyi és Társa, 19201. 119p.
4216. Halálos tavasz. Regény. Budapest: Athenaeum, 19221. 160p. [1933, 1965] IC MH NN NNC OCl FiHI GeLBM GeLU GyBH
4217. Hazajáró lélek. Színmű három felvonásban. Budapest: Athenaeum, 19231. 80p.
4218. A jégcsap. Bohózat. Budapest, 19231. [From Várkonyi, p. 482; première?]
4219. Szépapám szerelme. Regény. Budapest: Kultúra, 19231. 152p. ICGeLBM GeLU
4220. Az ezüstszárnyú szélmalom. Novellák. Budapest: Athenaeum, 19241. 156p. IC MH OCl GeLBM GyBH
4221. Süt a nap. Vígjáték három felvonásban. Budapest: Athenaeum, 19241. 101p. [1933] MH NN OCl GeLBM GyBH
4222. Csillagok. Színmű. Budapest: 19251. [From Várkonyi, p. 482; première?]
4223. Zenebohócok. Commedia dell' arte. [Dráma] Budapest: Athenaeum, 19251. 94p. NN GyBH
4224. A fehér szarvas. Színmű négy felvonásban. Budapest: Athenaeum, 19271. 101p. MH NN OCl GyBH
4225. Két fogoly. [Regény] I-II. kötet. Budapest: Athenaeum, 19271. [19283] IC NN NNC OCl AsWU GeCU GeLBM GeLU GyBH
4226. A világbajnok. Bohózat három felvonásban. Budapest: Athenaeum, 19271. 104p. DLC MH NN
4227. Házasságszédelgő. Vígjáték egy felvonásban. Birtokpolitika. Parasztkomédia. Budapest: Singer és Wolfner, 19281 [1926?]. 32p.
4228. Szibéria. Magyar hadifoglyok története. Három felvonásban. [Színmű] Budapest: Athenaeum, 19281. 86p. NN OCl
4229. A tábornok. Színmű három felvonásban. Budapest: Athenaeum, 19281. 79p. NN FiHI GeLU
4230. Munkái. I-X. kötet. Budapest: Athenaeum, 1929-193?. [Not possible to distinguish clearly from no. 4231]
1. kötet: Versek. 1929. 183p.
2. kötet: Az ökör és más komédiák. 1929. 207p.
3. kötet: Halálos tavasz. Regény. 5. kiadás. [1929 után]. 175p.
4. kötet: Az ezüstszárnyu szélmalom. Novellák. ca.1929. 186p.
5-6. kötet: Két fogoly. [Regény] 1-2. kötet. 1929.
7. kötet: Valamit visz a víz. [Regény] 19291. 162p.
8. kötet: Szépapám szerelme. Regény. 193?. 150p.
9. kötet: Süt a nap. Vígjáték. 4. kiadás. Hazajáró lélek. Színmű. 2. kiadás. Zenebohócok. Commedia dell' arte. [Dráma] 2. kiadás. 1929. 103, 80, 94p.
10. kötet: A fehér szarvas. Színmű. 4. kiadás. Szibéria. Magyar hadifoglyok története. [Színmű] 4. kiadás. A tábornok. Színmű. 4. kiadás. 1930. 101, 85, 79p.
4231. Munkái. I-XII., XIV-XV. kötet. Budapest: Athenaeum, 1929-1935. [Not possible to distinguish clearly from no. 4230]
1. kötet: Versek. ca.1930. 183p.
2. kötet: Az ökör és más komédiák. [Kis színművek] 3. kiadás. 207p.
3. kötet: Halálos tavasz. Regény. 4. kiadás. 1929. 175p.
5-6. kötet: Két fogoly. [Regény] 5. kiadás. 1-2. kötet. 1929.
7. kötet: Valamit visz a víz. [Regény] 2. kiadás. 1929. 126p.
8. kötet: Szépapám szerelme. Regény. 3. kiadás. 150p.
9. kötet: A szökevény. Regény. 19311 [1930?]. 378p.
10. kötet: A lélek kialszik. Regény. 19321. 245p.
11. kötet: Fehér hajó. [Elbeszélések] 19351. 162p.
12. kötet: Süt a nap. Vígjáték. 6. kiadás. Hazajáró lélek. Színmű. 4. kiadás. Zenebohócok. Commedia dell' arte. [Dráma] 4. kiadás. [1929 után]. 103, 80, 94p.
14. kötet: Leona. Színmű. 2. kiadás. Tésasszony. Vígjáték. 2. kiadás. Úrilány. Vígjáték. [1st] 1935. 86, 102, 96p.
15. kötet: Tűzmadár. Színmű. 19321. A tizenkettedik óra. Komédia. 19331. Az utolsó szerep. Színmű. 19351. 79, 91, 96p.
4232. Leona. Színmű három felvonásban. Budapest: Athenaeum, 19301. 86p. GeLBM
4233. A kisasszony. Vígjáték. Budapest, 19311. [From Várkonyi, p. 482]
4234. Afegyverek visszanéznek. [Regény] Budapest: Athenaeum, 19361. 334p. [1937, 1941, 19469] IC NN NNC OCl AsWN GeLBM GyBH GyGNSU
4235. A szűz és a gödölye. Színmű három felvonásban. Budapest: Athenaeum, 19371. 103p. FiHI GeLBM GyBH
4236. Aföldönfutó város. [Regény] Budapest: Athenaeum, 19391.321p. DLC OCl AsWN FiHU GeLBM GyBH
4237. Gyümölcs a fán. Színmű. Budapest: Athenaeum, 19391. 93p.
4238. Kisebb elbeszélések. Budapest: Országos Református Szeretetszövetség, 19391. 46p.
4239. Csöndes élet és egyéb elbeszélések. Budapest: Athenaeum, 19411. 185p. DLC AsWN
4240. Fatornyok. Színmű három felvonásban. Budapest: Athenaeum, 19431. 87p. NN
4241. Szépanyám. Színmű három felvonásban. Budapest: Athenaeum, 19431. 89p. NN
4242. Célunk. [A Magyar-Szovjet Művelődési Társaság ismertetése] Szent-Györgyi Alberttal és Háy Gyulával. Budapest: Légrády, 19461. 8p. [From catalogue of National Széchényi Library]
4243. Ararát. Regény. Budapest: Athenaeum, 19471. 503p. DLC NN OCl GeLBM
4244. The angry angel. [Novel] New York, 19531. [From Magyar irodalmi lexikon, III, 592] NN GeOB
4245. Krisztina és a király. [Regény; az Ararát folytatása] London, 19541. [From Magyar irodalmi lexikon, III, 592]
4246. The happy century. [Novel] New York, 19601. [From Magyar irodalmi lexikon, III; 592]
BIBLIOGRAPHY
See no. 4248.
CRITICISM
See also no. 4624.
4247. Schöpflin Aladár. "Két fogoly: Zilahy Lajos regénye," Nyugat, XX (February 16, 1927), 362-364.
A review of the novel praising Zilahy for using familiar materials and a romantic vein to make it interesting, for making it deeply intimate by developing its materials through a special incident, and for treating the central female character, Miett, effectively. Maintains, however, that the author has not mastered the transition from writer of short stories to novelist. Notes Zilahy's emphasis on the individuals, not on the events in which they are involved. MnU NNC FiHU GeLBM GyBH
4248. Ruzitska Mária. Zilahy Lajos. Budapest: Studium, 1928. 45p.
A study of his literary development and the qualities of his works. Contains biographical materials. Bibliography of his works and studies about him, pp. 43-44. NNC AsWN FiHI GeLBM GyBH
4249. Illés Endre. "A fegyverek visszanéznek: Zilahy Lajos regénye," Nyugat, XXX (February, 1937), 139-141.
A review contending that his inability to sustain unity creates a heterogeneity of tastes and layers in his novels and that, as in the novel under review, the development in each new work repeats the stages of his entire literary growth. MnU NN NNC [FiHI] FiHU GeLBM GyBH
4250. Pándi Pál. "Kétes realizmus (Zilahy Ararátjáról)," Újhold, III (1948), 106-113.
Summarizes his career and the characteristics of his writings, particularly their concern with the contemporary world. Analyzes the novel, finding that its portrayal of the decadence of the Hungarian aristocracy is inadequate. [DLC] MH
Born May 1, 1620 in Ozaly or Csáktornya; died November 18, 1664 in Csáktornya. Poet, writer on military science, statesman, general. Descendant of an aristocratic family with large estates. Spent early years in Csáktornya with his brother; was orphaned at 6. His education was entrusted to Péter Pázmány (q.v.) by Ferdinand II. Received excellent education in Graz 1630, Vienna 1634, and Nagyszombat 1635. Went to Italy in 1636 and visited Rome, Naples, Florence, and Venice. Returned to Hungary in February 1637, withdrew to estate in Csáktornya and devoted most of his energy to political questions and military activity because his family estates were always subject to devastation by the Turks. Named general in 1646 and viceroy of Croatia in 1647 by Ferdinand III. These positions gave him continual interest in military science and resulted in works on that subject: "Tábori kis tracta" (after 1646) and "Vitéz hadnagy" (1650-1653), the first evaluating problems of military organization and the second developing his concept of the ideal general; both were first published in 1852 edition by Gábor Kazinczy. Married Euzébia Draskovics in 1646, and after her death in 1651 married Zsófia Lőbl in 1652. Became chief of Hungarian military forces for a time but was removed by the Austrians despite his victories against the Turks. Died from injuries suffered during a boar hunt in Csáktornya (čakovec). ¶ Towering figure in baroque literature and a major contributor to development of Hungarian literature. Italian baroque style and poetic traditions of the Hungarian Renaissance influenced his writings but did not arrest individual development of style. His many-sided literary efforts were unified by the desire to advance the state of Hungarian culture. His works often express opposition to the Turks and the Hapsburgs as threats to Hungarian independence. Pressing Turkish question resulted in Török áfium (1660-1661), a polemic treatise. Szigeti veszedelem (1651; written 1645-1646), celebrating his great-grandfather at Szigetvár, is considered to be the greatest epic in Hungarian literature. He also wrote love poetry. ¶ Szigeti veszedelem is available in Croatian, German, and Italian, and some of its parts as well as some of his poems have been translated into Bulgarian, English, French, German, Italian, and Russian.
FIRST EDITIONS: Adriai tengernek Syrenaja. [Szigeti veszedelem és lírai versek] Bécs: Kosmerovi Máté, 1651. [160] leaves. - Adrianszkoga mora Syrena. Venezia: n.p., 1660. [169] leaves. - [Zrínyi?]: Ein gantz wahrhafftes Copey-Schreiben an ihre kays. May . . . Augsburg: Elias Wellhöffer, [1663?]. [2] leaves. - [Zrínyi?]: Extract-Schreiben von seiner Grüflichen Gnaden, Herrn Grafen von Serini, an den Ungarischen Ertzbischoff in Ungarn aus der Schütt vom 20. Octob. Sine loco: n.p., 1663. [4] leaves. - [Zrínyi ?] : Schreiben . . . Niclasens von Serini de dato 18., 28. Novemb. 1663., von seiner . . . Victoria wider den Erbfeind . . . Sine loco: n.p., [1663?]. [4] leaves. - [Zrínyi?]: Verba domini comitis Nicolai Zarini ad Ordd. Regni Hungariae . . . [Latin szöveg német fordítással] Sine loco: n.p., [1663?]. [4] leaves. - [Zrínyi?]: Copia Schreiben . . . Grafen Serin an de gräntzischen geheimen Regenten . . . Sine loco: n.p., 1664. [2] leaves. - [Zrínyi?]: Propositio . . . sacrae caesareae majestati . . . Sine loco: n.p., 1664. 11p. - [Zrínyi?]: Treue Vermahnung an die Christenheit . . . Sine loco: n.p., 1664. [10] leaves. - Symbolum illustrissimi domini comitis Nicolai Zrinyi. [Az török afium ellen való orvosság . . .]Sine loco: Forgách Simon, 1705. 63p. - See also no. 4260.
EDITIONS
See also nos. 385, 389, 4267 (letters), 4277, and 4289.
4251. Minden munkáji. Kiadta Kazinczy Ferenc. I-II. kötet. Pest: Trattner János Tamás, 1817. [C]
1. kötet: A Zríniász, vagy az ostromlott Sziget. Hős költemény. 1-10. ének. 189p.
2. kötet: A Zríniász . . . Sziget. 11-15. ének. Elegyes versek. Idylliumok. A török áfium ellen való orvosság, avagy a töröknek magyarral való békessége ellen antidotum. 204p.
4252. Zerinvári Gróf Zrínyi Miklós összes munkái. Első, a szerző kiadatlan prózai műveivel kiegészített kiadás Kazinczy Gábor és Toldy Ferenc által. Pest: Emich Gusztáv, 1852. 420 col. [B] NN
4253. Szigeti veszedelme. A mai nyelvhez alkalmazta s magyarázó név és szótárral ellátta Greguss Ágost. I-II. kötet. Pest: Heckenast Gusztáv, 1863. [C] GeLBM
4254. Hadtudományi munkái. Sajtó alá rendezte, bevezette és jegyzetekkel ellátta Rónai Horváth Jenő. Budapest: Magyar Tudományos Akadémia, 1891. 403p. [B] NN NNC AsWN AsWU GeLBM GyBH
4255. Költői műveiből. Kiadta és bevezette Négyesy László. Budapest:Franklin-Társulat, 190?. 472p. [A]
4256. Az török afium ellen való orvosság . . . Bevezette és jegyzetekkel ellátta Ferenczi Zoltán. Budapest: Lampel Róbert, 1901. 64p. [C]
4257. Válogatott munkái. Bevezetéssel és jegyzetekkel ellátta Négyesy László. Budapest: Lampel Róbert, 1904. 344p. [C] DLC MH NNC OCl AsWU GeLU
4258. Költői művei. A költő kéziratai alapján sajtó alá rendezte a jegyzetekkel kísérte Széchy Károly, a bevezetést írta Badics Ferenc. Budapest: Magyar Tudományos Akadémia, 1906. 428p. [B] AsWN FiHU GeLBM GyBH GyGNSU
4259. Prózai munkái. Sajtó alá rendezte, bevezette és magyarázatokkal ellátta Markó Árpád. Budapest: Magyar Szemle Társaság, 1939. 378p. [B] ICU NNC GeCU GeLBM GyBH
4260. Levelei. Bevezetéssel és jegyzetekkel ellátva közzéteszi Markó Árpád.Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 19501. 172p. [B] DLC MH MnU NN NNC AsWN GyBDS GyBH GyGNSU
4261. Válogatott művei. Válogatta és a bevezető tanulmányt írta Klaniczay Tibor, sajtó alá rendezte Bán Imre. [Bibliographical notes, pp. 395-404] Budapest: Szépirodalmi Könyvkiadó, 1952. 436p. [B] DLC NNC GeCU GyBDS GyBH GyGNSU
4262. A Szigeti veszedelem. A bevezető Bóta László munkája. Budapest: Szépirodalmi Könyvkiadó, 1953. 198p. [C]
4263. Hadtudományi munkái. A bevezető tanulmányokat írták BenczédiLászló, Perjés Géza, Rohonyi Gábor és Tóth Gyula. Budapest: Zrínyi, 1957. 494p. [C] DLC MH NNC GeLBM GyBDS GyBH GyGNSU
4264. Összes művei. Sajtó alá rendezte Klaniczay Tibor és Csapodi Csaba. Budapest: Szépirodalmi Könyvkiadó, 1958. [B]
1. kötet: Költői és prózai művek. 754p.
2. kötet: Levelek. 624p.
CtY DLC MnU NN NNC FiHI FiHU GyBDS GyBH
4265. Szigeti veszedelem. [Eposz] Sajtó alá rendezte, az előszót és a jegyzeteket írta Klaniczay Tibor. Budapest: Móra, 1959. 307p. [C] NNC WaU AsWN GyBDS GyGNSU
BIBLIOGRAPHY
See nos. 4261, 4268, 4269, 4280, 4288, 4289, 4291, and 4300.
BIOGRAPHY
See also no. 2300.
4266. Bibliotheca Zriniana. Die Bibliothek des Dichters Nicolaus Zrinyi. Ein Beitrag zur Zrinyi-Literatur. Wien: Kende, 1893. 88p.
A descriptive catalogue of the remains of the Zrínyi library in the possession of the University of Zagreb Library. DLC MH NNC
4267. Széchy Károly. Gróf Zrínyi Miklós. I-V. kötet. Budapest: Történelmi Társulat, 1896-1902.
Emphasis on his life and political and military activities, also attention to his writings (most of Vol. II devoted to Szigeti veszedelem). Appendixes: (1) Extracts from two of his military sketches, Vol. II; (2) Letters to György Rákóczi II, Vol. III; and (3) Hungarian letters, Vol. IV. Bibliographical footnotes. Illustrations. Vol. I, From birth to ca. 1650; Vol. II, 1651 and Szigeti veszedelem;Vol. III, 1652 to July 1657; Vol. IV, August 1657 to 1659; Vol. V, 1659 to 1664 (name and subject index to entire work). MnU NN NNC AsWN FiHI GeLBM GyBH
4268. Görög Imre. Gróf Zrínyi Miklós. A költő mint államférfi. Művelődéstörténeti tanulmány. Bölcsészetdoktori értekezés. Budapest: Nobel Károly, 1906. 60p.
A discussion of various events in which he was involved as a statesman, among them: the 1655 diet, the fall of György Rákóczi II, Gróf Rajmund Montecuccoli, the fall of János Kemény, the 1663 Turkish campaign, the 1664 campaign. Bibliography, pp. viii-ix.
4269. Markó Árpád. Gróf Zrínyi Miklós. Budapest: Magyar Szemle Társaság, 1942. 79p.
Also a chapter on his poetry and learned writings. A critical survey of scholarship on him, pp. 78-79.
4270. Klaniczay Tibor. Zrínyi Miklós. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1964. 852p. [2d, rev. ed.; 19541]
Considerable attention to his writings and to the historical and literary background prior to and during his times. Bibliographical footnotes. Summary in French, pp. 817-834. DLC IC ICU MH MnU NN NNC AsWN FiHI FiHU GeLBM GyBDS GyBH GyGNSU
CRITICISM
See also nos. 412 and 1212.
4271. Arany János. "Zrínyi és Tasso," Budapesti Szemle, VII (1859), 177-212; VIII (1860), 107-143.
Seeks to establish the influence of Tasso on Szigeti veszedelem. Also that of Virgil. CtY DLC NN NNC GyBH
4272. Kovács Gábor. Zrínyi Miklós költői munkássága. Miskolc: Sártory István Özvegye, 1878. 123p.
An examination of his literary works. Two chapters on "Obsidio szigetiana," one concerned with the influence of the times and its basic theme and the other with a song by song comparison with Virgil's Aeneid and Tasso's Jerusalem delivered. Discussion of the reasons for these resemblances and of the portraits in Zrínyiász and its structure and episodes. Closes with comment on his "Idylls." Some biographical material included.
4273. Greksa Kázmér. A Zrínyiász és viszonya Tasso-, Vergilius- Homeros-, és Istvánffyhoz. Székes-Fejérvár: Vörösmarty, 1889/90. 158p.
Compares the Zrínyiász, song by song from IV to XV, to the writings of Tasso, Virgil, Homer, and Istvánffy; also to those of Ariosto, Voltaire, Klopstock, Milton, and Apollonius. GeLBM
4274. Thúry József. "A Zrínyiász," Irodalomtörténeti Közlemények, IV (1894), 129-149, 257-298, 385-411.
An analysis of the meaning, the ideational and historical intentions, and the form of Szigeti veszedelem. Bibliographical footnotes. DLC MH MnU NNC AsWN AsWU FiHI GeLBM [GeLU] GyBH
4275. Piszarevics Sándor. A magyar és a horvát Zrínyiász. Zágráb: Királyi Országos Könyvnyomda, 1901. 92p.
A study of the connections between the original Hungarian text of Szigeti veszedelem and the Croatian translation prepared by Péter Zrínyi, the younger brother of the poet. Bibliographical footnotes.
4276. Kőrösi Sándor. "Zrínyi és Machiavelli," Irodalomtörténeti Közlemények, XII (1902), 20-34, 142-161, 272-299, 392-445. [Also a reprint]
His knowledge of Machiavelli's works and their influence on his concepts. Indicates parallels between his ideas in his poetry, political writings, and some of his studies of military science with those of Machiavelli, but emphasizes the individuality of Zrínyi's viewpoint and application of the ideas. Bibliographical footnotes. DLC MH MnU NNC AsWN AsWU FiHI GeLBM [GeLU] GyBH
4277. Kobzy János. Zrínyiász és régi költészetünk. Győr: Pannonia, 19032. 101p.
After a discussion of Hungarian epic poetry prior to Zrínyi, provides the text of Szigeti veszedelem, sometimes with summaries; then comments on it in a separate chapter. Closes with discussion of the epic from Zrínyi to István Gyöngyösi. NNC
4278. Hajnal Márton. "Karnarutics és a Zrínyiász," Egyetemes Philologiai Közlöny, XXIX (1905), 119-124, 200-212, 279-296.
Attempts to show that Zrínyi knew Karnarutics's poem on the Siege of Szigetvár (published in Venice, 1584) and actually used materials from it in Szigeti veszedelem. IU MnU OClW OCU AsWN FiHU GyBH
4279. Karenovics József. Zrínyi Miklós, a szigetvári hős, költészetünkben. Budapest: Buschmann, 1905. 190p.
Reports on the accounts in Hungarian poetry of Zrínyi and events connected with him. Appendix: A catalogue of historical works devoted solely to the 1566 Siege of Szigetvár, Zrínyi's actions at Szigetvár, and the circumstances of the poet's death. MH GyBH
4280. Biró Bertalan. Zrínyi Miklós prózai munkái. Budapest: Nyugat, 1913. 80p.
A portrait of Zrínyi as general and as politician, and, mainly, an evaluation of his qualities as a prose writer. Bibliography, p. 4. AsWN
4281. Sántay Mária. Zrínyi és Marino. Budapest: Neuwald Nyomda, 1915. 32p.
Seeks to demonstrate the influence of Marino's eclogues on his idylls. GyBH
4282. Szegedy Rezső. "Zrínyi és a Szigeti Veszedelem a horvát költészetben," Irodalomtörténeti Közlemények, XXV (1915), 291-299, 405-430.
Considers how the Siege of Szigetvár and the figure of its hero, Miklós Zrínyi, the poet's great grandfather and the protagonist of Szigeti veszedelem, have been treated in Croatian folk poetry. Examines the same questions in Croatian poetry of the 16th and 17th centuries and the problem of "Illyrizmus" in 19th-century Croatian treatments of the Siege of Szigetvár. Bibliographical footnotes. CtY DLC MH MnU NNC AsWN AsWU FiHI GeLBM [GeLU] GyBH
4283. Ferenczi Zoltán. " 'Az török áfium ellen való orvosság' című művének forrásai," Egyetemes Philologiai Közlöny, XLI (1917), 329-336.
Recognizes that Busbequius is the major source of the work, but maintains that Zrínyi used materials widely from his other readings, including classical authors. CU IU MH MnU NNC OClW OCU [AsWN] FiHU GyBH
4284. Ferenczi Zoltán. "Zrínyi és Busbequius," Akadémiai Értesítő, XXVIII (1917), 34-54.
Seeks to establish that Busbequius's Exclamatio sive de re contra Turcam instituenda consilium is one of the sources he used in A török áfium ellen való orvosság. [DLC] [NNC] AsWU GeLBM GyBH GyGNSU
4285. Király György. "Zrínyi és a renaissance," Nyugat, XIII (1920), 550-556.
Notes the extensive influence of Tasso, Marino, and Petrarch on the young Zrínyi, and of Machiavelli on his political thought. [CSt-H] MH MnU NNC FiHU GeLBM GyBH
4286. Ferenczy Géza. Zrínyi idilljeinek és életének kapcsolatai. Pécs: Dunán-túl, 1929. 42p.
Maintains that he wrote his idylls under the spirit of Italian idyllic poetry, especially that of Tasso, but that underneath the mythological allegories his personal elements manifest themselves.
4287. Kardos Tibor. "Zrínyi a költő a XVII. század világában," Irodalomtörténeti Közlemények, XLII (1932), 153-163, 261-273. [Also a reprint]
The effect of the 17th century on him: his experiences in Italy, Marino's influence on the origins of Szigeti veszedelem, works dealing with political events. Bibliographical footnotes. MH MnU NNC [OCl] AsWN AsWU GeLBM [GeLU] GyBH GyGNSU
4288. (Csery) Clauser Mihály. A Zrínyiász sorsa. (1651-1859) Budapest: Élet, 1934. 46p.
A study of the attention given to his epic in Hungary from 1651 to 1859: editions, use of materials from the Zrínyiász. Concerned with both literary and historical interest in the work. Bibliography, pp. 42-44. DSI MH NNC AsWU GyBH
4289. Zrínyi Miklós könyvjegyzetei. Kiadja és bevezetéssel ellátta Drasenovich Mária. [Bölcsészetdoktori értekezés] Pécs: Kultúra, 1934. 78p.
After describing his library and commenting on his character and thought, especially as they are revealed by the library and his notes in the books, records the notes found in the books. Appendixes: (1) List of the books containing the notes and the page numbers on which they appear and (2) Parallels of some of the notes with his writings. Bibliography, pp. 77-78. MnU GyBH
4290. Zolnai Béla. "Zrínyi világa," Magyar Szemle, XXXII (1938), 191-200.
Seeks to show that he fulfilled the universality of the renaissance-baroque period by synthesizing the poet and the general, the humanist and the practical man, and European and Hungarian culture. CSt-H CtY ICN MH MnU NjP NN NNC OCl AsWN FiHI FiHU GeCU GeLBM GeOB [GyBH) GyGNSU
4291. Sík Sándor. Zrínyi Miklós. Budapest: Franklin-Társulat, 1940. 177p.
Three threads: to portray both his outer and, especially, his inner life and the individuality of his artistic and heroic character; to show that as a man and historical figure and as a vates and prophet he belongs among the select great names in Hungary; and to help the reader to experience his feelings, thoughts, and deeds. Bibliography, by chapters, pp. 175-177. DLC MH MnU NNC AsWN GeLU GyBH GyGGaU GyGNSU
4292. Klaniczay Tibor. A fátum és szerencse Zrínyi műveiben. [Bölcsészetkari értekezés] Budapest: Pázmány Péter Tudományegyetem Bölcsészeti Kara, 1947. 54p.
The concept of fortune in relation to his life and works, and its sources. Maintains that his contradictory concepts of fortune and fate are projections of his personal problems and those of his age. Finds influence of Machiavelli and eventual solution of the problem in his reconciliation of Machiavelli's viewpoint and the Catholic attitude. Bibliographical footnotes. Summary in English, pp. 53-54.
4293. Kardos Tibor. A költő Zrínyi Miklós. Budapest: Magyar Irodalomtörténeti Társulat, 1951. 28p.
Separate brief discussions: the poet and his times, the Szigeti veszedelem (mainly), his writings on military subjects, Mátyás király, the Török áfium, and his political difficulties in his last years.
4294. Klaniczay Tibor. "Bevezető," Zrínyi Miklós válogatott művei. Válogatta és a bevezető tanulmányt írta Klaniczay Tibor, sajtó alá rendezte Bán Imre. Budapest: Szépirodalmi Könyvkiadó, 1952; 436p. Pp. 5-66.
A discussion of the Szigeti veszedelem: its expression of the age, its connection with earlier Hungarian poetic tradition, its political and military program, its epical structure, and its characters, action, and language. Survey of his life and prose works. DLC NNC GeCU GyBDS GyBH GyGNSU
4295. Benczédi László. "Zrínyi Miklós és kora," Zrínyi Miklós hadtudományi munkái. Budapest: Zrínyi, 1957; 494p. Pp. 7-42.
The development of his political program and its contributions to and significance in his own times. DLC MH NNC GeLBM GyBDS GyBH GyGNSU
4296. Perjés Géza. "Zrínyi Miklós, a hadtudományi író," Zrínyi Miklós hadtudományi munkái. Budapest: Zrínyi, 1957; 494p. Pp. 43-91.
In two parts: (1) problems of military science from Machiavelli to the time of Zrínyi and (2) his attitude toward the questions of military science during his times. DLC MH NNC GeLBM GyBDS GyBH GyGNSU
4297. Csapodi Csaba. "Zrínyi-levelek, amelyeket nem Zrínyi írt," Irodalomtörténeti Közlemények, LXII (1958), 19-24.
Delineates the strong Hungarian quality in those letters written in his own hand in contrast to those he dictated and signed wherein only the subject is traceable to him and the style is more Latin in character. Bibliographical footnotes. DLC MnU NN NNC AsWU GeLBM GyBH
4298. Képes Géza. "Zrínyi Miklós verselése," Irodalomtörténeti Közlemények, LXV (1961), 414-444. [Available as reprint]
Seeks to show that his characteristic rhythm as found in Szigeti veszedelem, is not the 4-2//4-2 rhythm of István Gyöngyösi and János Arany, but that of 3-3//3-3. DLC MnU NN NNC AsWN GeLBM GyBH
4299. Perjés Géza. "A 'metodizmus' és a Zrínyi-Montecuccoli vita," Századok, XCV (1962), 507-533.
A refutation of the view that Hungarian historiography experienced a dispute of military science in the essential differences between Zrínyi and Montecuccoli. Bibliographical footnotes. Summaries: Russian, pp. 533-534; French, pp. 534-535. CtY DLC ICU MH NN NNC AsWN GeLBM GeLU GyBDS GyBH
4300. Perjés Géza. Zrínyi Miklós és kora. Budapest: Gondolat, 1965. 390p.
A study which contends that Zrínyi wrote his important works as a military historian and soldier sociologist and psychologist and that his methods of analysis derive from these disciplines. Emphasizes that his political, military, and literary activities are integral with the arts of war in his times, a fact deemed significant to both general and literary historians. Bibliography, by chapters, pp. 379-385. AsWN GeLBM GeOB GyBH GyGNSU
Part II.
Authors from 1945 to the Present
In addition to nos. 4579, 4580, 4582, 4583, 4584, 4595, 4598, 4605, 4625 (vol. 6), 4635, 4636, 4637, 4638, 4641 and 4642, the following works are useful sources of information and knowledge about authors and literature since World War II: Lengyel Balázs. A mai magyar líra. Budapest: Officina, 1948. 116p. (DLC ICU MH MiD GeLBM); Szigeti József. Útban a valóság felé. Tanulmányok. Budapest: Hungária, 1948. 500p. (MH); Horváth Márton. Lobogónk: Petőfi. Irodalmi cikkek és tanulmányok. Budapest: Szikra, 1950. 259p. (DLC NN GeLBM); Vita a magyar irodalom kérdéseiről. [A Magyar Írók Szövetségében 1950 április 11-én elhangzott előadás és vita anyaga] Budapest: Szikra, 1950. 40p. (GyBDS); Vita irodalmunk helyzetéről. [AMDP Központi Előadói Iroda Kultúrpolitikai Munkaközössége 1952 szeptember és október hónapjában . . . vitája irodalmunk időszerű kérdéseiről] Budapest: Szikra, 1952. 143p.; Pándi Pál. Viták és kritikák. Budapest: Szépirodalmi Könyvkiadó, 1954. 271p. (GeLBM GyBH); Hermann István. A magyar drámáért. Tanulmányok. Budapest: Szépirodalmi Könyvkiadó, 1955. 281p. (DLC MnU GeLBM GyGNSU GyBH); Darvas József. Új népért, új kultúráért. Tanulmányok. Budapest: Szépirodalmi Könyvkiadó, 1956. 325p. (DLC MH GeLBM GyBH); Nagy Péter. Új csapáson. Regényirodalmunk a szocialista realizmus útján. 1948-1954. Budapest: Magvető, 1956. 150p. (AsWN GeLBM); Szabolcsi Miklós. Költészet és korszerűség. Budapest: Szépirodalmi Könyvkiadó, 1959. 266p. (NN NNC GeLBM GyBDS GyBH GyGGaU GyGNSU); Kiss Lajos. Élet és esztétika. Szeged: Tiszatáj Irodalmi Kiskönyvtár, 1960. 190p. (DLC GeLBM GyBDS); Szabolcsi Gábor. Író és valóság. Szeged: Tiszatáj Irodalmi Kiskönyvtár, 1960. 216p.; Fenyő István. Új arcok, új útak. Budapest: Szépirodalmi Könyvkiadó, 1961. 257p. (DLC GeLBM GyBDS GyGNSU); Tóth Dezső. Életünk, regényeink. Tanulmányok. Budapest: Szépirodalmi Könyvkiadó, 1963. 229p. (AsWN GeLBM GyBH GyGNSU); Bata Imre. Ívelő pályák. Tanulmányok és kritikák. Budapest: Szépirodalmi Könyvkiadó, 1964. 318p. (InU MnU NNC GeLBM GyGNSU); Illés Jenő. Mai dráma, mai dramaturgia. Tanulmányok. Budapest: Szépirodalmi Könyvkiadó, 1964. 340p. (MnU NNC AsWN GeLBM); Szabolcsi Miklós. Elődök és kortársak. Tanulmányok. Budapest: Szépirodalmi Könyvkiadó, 1964. 315p. (CLU DLC InU MnU AsWN GeLBM GyBDS GyGNSU); Tóbiás Áron. A mai magyar regény. [Ismertetések] Budapest: Könyvtártudományi és Módszertani Központ, 1964. 152p. (CU DLC MnU); Béládi Miklós, Czine Mihály és Pálmai Kálmán. A mai magyar líráról. Arcképvázlatok élő magyar költőkről. Budapest: Tudományos Ismeretterjesztő Társulat Irodalmi és Nyelvi Szakosztályainak Országos Választmánya, 1965. 78p. (MnU)
Born 1921 in Budapest. Poet, essayist. Family a member of the intelligentsia. Writings first appeared in Népszava in 1940. After World War II he wrote about contemporary social and political questions in Hungary. A volume of poems, Éberség, hűség, two novels, and A szabadság árnyékában and Vihar és napsütés, established his reputation. Left Hungary in 1956 to live in Western Europe, where he continues to write articles and literary works. Editor of Irodalmi Újság in Paris since 1962. ¶ Writings reflect various problems undergone by Hungary since World War II.
EDITIONS
4301. Ének a hajón. Versek. Budapest: Officina, 19411. 54p.
4302. Éberség, hűség. Versek. Budapest: Hungária, 19481. 78p. DLC GeLBM
4303. Aszabadság árnyékában. [Regény] Budapest: Szikra, 19481. 340p. [19492, 19523, 19544] DLC NN GeLBM GyBDS GyBH
4304. Kovács Kálmán: A kakassziki háború. Aczél Tamás: Az első élmunkás. [1st] Reményi Béla: Guruló csille. Három egyfelvonásos. Budapest: Budapest Székesfőváros, 1949. 107p.
4305. Vihar és napsütés. [Regény] Budapest: Athenaeum Könyvkiadó Nemzeti Vállalat, 19491. 538p. [19502, revised edition 1954] DLC NN NNC FiHU GeLBM GyBDS
4306. Jelentés helyett. Versek. Budapest: Szépirodalmi Könyvkiadó, 19511. 94p. GyBH
4307. Láng és parázs. [Elbeszélés] Kiadta az Országos Béketanács. Budapest: Szépirodalmi Könyvkiadó, 19531. 95p. [19542] DLC GyBH
4308. Tisztító vihar. Adalékok egy korszak történetéhez. The revolt of the mind. [Önéletrajz, emlékirat] Méray Tiborral. London: Big Ben, 19601. 395p.
CRITICISM
4309. László Imre. Aczél Tamás. "A szabadság árnyékában" című regénye. Budapest: Művelt Nép, 1953. 19p.
The historical and literary circumstances under which the novel was born, a brief discussion of Aczél's life, his handling of the liberation in a socialistic-realistic manner, the plot and special characteristics of the novel, e.g., its maturity of design, its party viewpoint, an experiment in the creation of the worker-hero.
Born December 15, 1915 in Budapest. Poet. Forced by poor financial circumstances to abandon studies in fifth form. Earned living 1931-1940 as ironworker, textile worker, printer, furrier, and by other physical labor. Poems appeared in Szép Szó, Kelet Népe, and Népszava. Employed as factory official 1940-1945. After 1945 he contributed to numerous Budapest and provincial periodicals. Editor of Új Hang in 1952 and 1954. At present senior member of Ervin Szabó Library and staff member of Kortárs. Twice awarded Kossuth Prize, for Örökké élni and Tűzzel, késsel. ¶ Began writing poetry in tradition of Nyugat School but does not belong to any particular group of poets. Poems addressed to problems of contemporary Hungarian society. Political lyric poems often claimed to be best representative of type in contemporary Hungarian poetry. Translated works of Spanish lyric poets, some French fabliaux and Yeats's poems, some of Chaucer's Canterbury tales. ¶ Some of his poems have been translated into Bulgarian, Chinese, Czech, German, Rumanian, and Russian.
EDITIONS
4310. A csillag nem jött. Versek. Budapest: Szalay Sándor, 19391. 46p. MiD
4311. A betűöntők diadala. Versek. Budapest: Népszava, 19461. 98p.
4312. A teremtés után. Versek. Budapest: Munkásírók, 19481. 46p.
4313. Örökké élni. [Versek] Budapest: Franklin-Társulat, 19491. 175p. [19492] GeLBM
4314. Tűzzel, késsel. Versek. Budapest: Szépirodalmi Könyvkiadó, 19511. 72p. [19522] DLC MH NNC FiHI GyBDS GyBH
4315. Válogatott költemények. Budapest: Szépirodalmi Könyvkiadó, 1951. 40p. MH GeCU
4316. Éveink múlása. Válogatott és új versek, 1939-1953. Budapest: Szépirodalmi Könyvkiadó, 1954. 256p. DLC MH FiHI GyBDS GyBH
4317. Egyetlen élet. [Versek] Budapest: Magvető Könyvkiadó, 19561. 74p. [19572] NN GyBDS GyGNSU
4318. Ötödik évszak. Versek és fordítások. Budapest: Szépirodalmi Könyvkiadó, 19621. 199p. MH NN NNC GeLBM GyBDS GyBH
4319. Stendhal. (1783-1842) Bibliográfia. Budapest: Franklin, 19621. 23p.
4320. Világ füstje. Versek, 1938-1963. Budapest: Szépirodalmi Könyvkiadó, 1964. 451p. DLC MH MnU NN NNC GeLBM GyBDS GyBH GyGNSU
CRITICISM
4321. Lukácsy Sándor. "Benjámin László költészete," Új Hang, III (July, 1954), 91-111.
An examination of his poetic development: the themes, various tones, and experimentations with style in his early poems; the protest in his poems against conditions in Hungary prior to 1945; the heightening effect of 1948 and the Communist Party on the ethical character of his poetry; and the nature of his political poems. Frequent quotations from his poetry. DLC [NN] GyBH
4322. Pándi Pál. "Benjámin László költészete," Viták és kritikák. Budapest: Szépirodalmi Könyvkiadó, 1954; 271p. Pp. 199-270.
An examination of his poetic development to 1954; the first stage, to 1945, showing the influence of the Nyugat and particularly of Dezső Kosztolányi and Árpád Tóth, the tendencies of so-called working-class poetry, expressionism and surrealism, and the influence of Attila József; the second, 1945-1946, disclosing the formulation of his ideals of social democracy; the third, 1948-1953, showing the broadening perspectives of his socialism in his lyric poems. GeLBM GyBH
4323. Csoóri Sándor. "Benjámin László," Csillag, IX (1955), 1500-1504.
Discussion of the stages of his poetic development: his first serious beginnings in 1937; the period of uncertainty from 1945-1948; the emergence of his revolutionary spirit in 1948-1949; and his decreased literary activity during the last two or three years because of the oppression of his "excessively sensitive spirit by errors committed in national political life." [DLC] MnU [NN] NNC [GeLBM] GyBH [GyGGaU]
4324. Somogyi Sándor. "Meditáció köznapi gondjainkról, Benjámin László, új verseskötetéről (Egyetlen élet, 1956)," Irodalmi Újság, VII (March 24, 1956), 4.
A review examining the subject matter and form of the poems, disparaging the poet for giving a false picture of Hungarian society to his readers. (See no. 4325 for reply) DS [NNC] GyBH
4325. Sarkadi Imre. "Benjámin László költészetéről," Irodalmi Újság, VII (March 31, 1956), 4.
A reply to Somogyi's review (see no. 4324) stating that Benjámin has improved the form of his poetry, that Somogyi suffers from a conceited belief in the truth of his own view of Hungarian society, and that the function of the poet is to destroy illusions. DS [NNC] GyBH
4326. Bata Imre. "Benjámin László Ötödik évszaka," Ívelő pályák. Budapest: Szépirodalmi Könyvkiadó, 1964; 321p. Pp. 151-160.
A review commenting on the slowness of his response to the new conditions after 1945, on his limited response to the post-1948 period in the early 1950's, on the program of the present work to express the truth and defend moral purity as marking a new course in his development. Observations on the work's calm, classical form and on its showing the characteristics of a Protestant sermon, the diction of Vörösmarty, the orchestration of János Arany, and the lyrical poetry of Gyula Illyés. InU MnU NNC GeLBM GyGNSU
4327. Fehér Ferenc. "Benjámin László," Valóság, VIII, no. 3 (1965), 65-78.
An analysis of his literary development: his times as being more conducive to the development of his socialistic poetry than those of his predecessors; his search for the true form by which to express pathos; his use of symbolism; the conflict between his irony and pathos as affecting the socialistic quality of his poetry; the resolution of his style as his responsibility for and acceptance of world socialism evolved; the place of his socialism and his socialist idylls in the literature of the period; and his struggle to create unity in his verse. MH GeLBM GyBH
Born January 20, 1920 in Zámoly. Poet. Family are peasants. Joined leftist movement in 1940 as a member of Győrffy College. Served as soldier; escaped from army near end of 1944 and was prisoner of war in the Ukraine. A journalist since fall 1948 and a publisher's reader since 1951. Edited Magyar Könyvtár series. Now employed as editor by Magvető Publishers. ¶ Themes and outlook in poems link village and traditions of national poets and blend old and folk elements.
EDITIONS
4328. Esztendők terhével. Versek, 1936-1953. Budapest: Szépirodalmi Könyvkiadó, 19531. 87p. GeLBM
4329. Röpülj páva röpülj! Magyar népballadák és balladás dalok. A bevezető, a válogatás és a jegyzetek Csanádi Imre és Vargyas Lajos közös munkája. Budapest: Szépirodalmi Könyvkiadó, 19541. 587p. DLC MH NNC FiHU GeCU GyBDS GyGNSU
4330. Erdei vadak, égi madarak. Versek. Budapest: Szépirodalmi Könyvkiadó, 19561. 167p. GeLBM
4331. Négy testvér. [Versek] Budapest: Ifjúsági Könyvkiadó, 19561. 46p.
4332. Kis verses állatvilág. Budapest: Magvető, 19581. 174p.
4333. Ördögök szekerén. Versek, 1938-1963. Budapest: Szépirodalmi Könyvkiadó, 19631. 492p. NNC GyBDS GyGNSU
CRITICISM
4334. Simon István. "Erdei vadak - égi madarak. (Csanádi Imre új verses könyve)," Csillag, X (August, 1956), 401-404.
An analysis of the poems concluding that he is among the best poets of the age because of the timelessness of his thought and the maturity and purity of his form and style. [DLC] MnU [NN] NNC [GeLBM] GyBH [GyGGaU]
4335. Károly Sándor. " 'Erdei vadak, égi madarak' (Csanádi Imre verseinek nyelvéről)," Magyar Nyelvőr, LXXXI (April-June, 1957), 192-204.
The roots of his poetry in the atmosphere, rhythms, and regions of Hungarian folk poetry; his distinctive use of dialect and collocations; and his characteristic uses of grammar. Finds all these elements to be within the realm of folk poetry. CU DLC NN NNC FiHI GyBDS GyBH
Born February 1930 in Zámoly. Poet. Family are peasants. Completed gymnasium in Pápa. Became staff member of local periodical, then editor of column in Veszprémmegyei Népújság. Entered Lenin Institute in Budapest in 1951 to study translating, but unexpected illness interrupted his studies. Returned to Zámoly after a long stay in a sanitorium and engaged more seriously in literary activity. Joined editorial staff of Irodalmi Újság in 1953 and later became contributor to Új Hang. Awarded Attila József Prize for Felröppen a madár in 1954. His poems have appeared regularly since 1950's. Received fellowship in 1962 which made year available to him for writing. ¶ His poems are concerned with many human experiences and are generally praised for technical excellence. His newspaper reports record progress of socialism in villages.
EDITIONS
4336. Felröppen a madár. [Versek] Budapest: Szépirodalmi Könyvkiadó, 19541. 72p. GeLBM
4337. Ördögpille. [Versek] Budapest: Magvető, 19571. 89p. MH GeLBM
4338. Menekülés a magányból. [Versek] Budapest: Magvető, 19621. 99p. GeLBM GyBDS GyGNSU
4339. Tudósítás a toronyból. [Társadalomrajz] Budapest: Magvető, 19631. 212p. GeLBM GyBDS GyBH
4340. Kubai napló. [Útirajz] Budapest: Magvető, 19651. 206p GeLBM
CRITICISM
4341. Nagy Péter. "Új hang, új látás, új tehetség," Irodalmi Újság, VI (August 15, 1953), 3. [Also published in his Mérlegen. Budapest: Művelt Nép, 1955; 309p. Pp. 99-104]
A review of 14 poems published in the August numbers of Csillag and Irodalmi Újság praising the "newness, freshness, and exhilaration" of his voice and stating that he is both the people's and a communist poet to whom "there is nothing holier than the people and their prosperity." GyBH
4342. Horváth Zsigmond. "Csoóri Sándor: Menekülés a magányból," Kortárs, VII, no. 3 (1963), 456-458.
A review maintaining that the volume of verses is a planned denial of his earlier poems, that the critic seeks the qualitatively new in the language and style, and that the readiness of Csoóri's poetic initiative seems to have grown tired. DLC MH FiHU GeLBM GyBH
4343. Veres Péter. "Csoóri Sándorról szólva," Új Írás, III (1963), 750-754.
A discussion of his sketches of peasant social life and conditions praising his "writer's intelligence," his realism as fulfilling the needs of the reader's understanding, his recording of the truth, and his love and understanding of village life. DLC MH FiHI GeLBM GyBDS GyBH
4344. Gyurkó László. "Csoóri Sándor: Ördögpille," Kortárs, II (1963), 462-464.
A review maintaining that he is finding his own voice and developing his individual artistry, and therefore can no longer be viewed as an imitator of Petőfi. DLC MH FiHU GeLBM GyBH
4345. Széles Klára. "Csoóri Sándor költészete," Kritika, II (March, 1964), 31-34.
A search for the basic materials and roots of his lyric poetry finding his poetic world to be an easy and spontaneous unravelling, his own poetic "zero-setting" to be movement, and his serious limitation to be the mixture of optimism and melancholy resulting from the shallow roots of his confidence in himself and from his failure to confront the alternative provided by the evolution of a socialistic way of life. CU CoU DLC MH NN AsWN FiHI GeLBM ByBDS GyBH GyGNSU
Born 1923 in Budapest. Novelist and short-story writer. Father a factory worker. On completion of gymnasium worked in tailoring industry and then as lathe operator. Employed as laborer in Western Europe 1945-1949 and as lathe operator in Budapest 1949-1956. His writings began to appear in periodicals in 1955. Awarded prize by Central Council of Hungarian Trade Unions for A hazudós in 1958 and Attila József Prize for Rozsdatemető, his most successful work so far, in 1963. The latter was presented as a play by Thália Színház in 1963. ¶ A close viewer of workingman's life, a skillful portrayer of character. His writings have been described as bringing poetry to their subject matter through an amalgam of realism and romanticism.
EDITIONS
4346. A hazudós. [Elbeszélések] Budapest: Magvető, 19581. 178p. [19632] GeLBM GyBDS
4347. Rozsdatemető. [Regény] Budapest: Magvető, 19621. 332p. [Several editions] IC MH OCl AsWN GeLBM GyBDS
4348. Vidám cimborák. [Novellák; Irodalmi forgatókönyv: Mocorgó]Budapest: Magvető, 19661. 258p. MnU GeLBM GyBH
CRITICISM
4349. Kelemen János. "Fejes Endre: Ahazudós," Kortárs, II, no. 2 (1958), 148-149.
A review maintaining that the short stories strengthen and explain each other because they are all stirred by the passion of the author. Describes the characters as often finding society something to be avoided and living on the boundary between dream and reality. Finds several shortcomings in his art but considers the short stories to be such that they can bear stern criticism. DLC MH FiHU GeLBM GyBH
4350. Rónay György. "Az olvasó naplója," Vigilia, XXVIII (1963), 302-305.
A critique of Rozsdatemető examining the murder committed by János Hábetler and contending that the members of the petty bourgeois family portrayed by the author cannot change because of the forces that had affected them for 50 years. Praises his ability at portrayal and his style. Flaw in the novel - that Fejes should have felt freer to say more in it. MH NN GyBH
4351. Gyurkó László. "Fejes Endre," Kritika, II (April, 1964), 40-46.
A study that sees his writings as a search for answers to the conflict between "an animal existence and a life worthy of man" in the world. Maintains that his works show a development from romanticism to realism and that their true outlook is revealed in Rozsdatemető. The novel is examined in some detail with respect to the family's failure to utilize the improved living conditions and the freedom after 1945 for their development. CU CoU DLC MH NN WaU AsWN FiHI GeLBM GyBDS GyBH GyGNSU
Born 1929 in Kótaj. Novelist, short-story writer. Family are peasants. On completing gymnasium he became an apprentice journalist in 1950, reporter for Magyar Rádió for six years, and script writer at Hunnia Filmstúdió, collaborating in the preparation of numerous film scenarios. His writings first appeared in 1951, but his real development occurred in the 1960's. "Megszállottak," a story composed for the screen, and Isten őszi csillaga were made into films. Awarded prize by Central Council of Hungarian Trade Unions for Gonoszkátyú and Attila József Prize for writings in 1962. ¶ His works deal with contemporary issues which he tries to solve from the viewpoint of the working class. His style is characterized as colorful and dramatic and aiming at modernity.
EDITIONS
4352. Hét márványplakett. [Kisregény] Budapest: Ifjúsági Könyvkiadó, 19511. 61p. DLC
4353. Jurankó Pál hazatér. Regény. Budapest: Ifjúsági Könyvkiadó, 19551. 147p.
4354. Dűlőutakon. [Karcolatok, elbeszélések] Budapest: Kossuth, 19591. 161p. DLC
4355. Gonoszkátyú. [Regény] Budapest: Magvető, 19601. 156p. GyBDS
4356. Hideg van tegnap óta. [Regény] Budapest: Magvető, 19611. 291p.
4357. Isten őszi csillaga. Regény. Budapest: Szépirodalmi Könyvkiadó, 19621. 303p. DLC NN GyBDS GyBH
4358. Utas a Göncöl szekerén. [Regény] Budapest: Magvető, 19621. 275p. GyBH
4359. Keserű lapu. [Elbeszélések] Budapest: Magvető, 19631. 198p. GyBH GyGNSU
4360. Mostohagyerekek. Regény. Budapest: Szépirodalmi Könyvkiadó, 19631. 202p. NNC GyBH GyGNSU
4361. Zsilipek. Regény. Budapest: Szépirodalmi Könyvkiadó, 19651. 479p. GeLBM GyBDS GyBH
BIOGRAPHY
4362. Faragó Vilmos. "Látogatóban Galambos Lajosnál," Élet és Irodalom, VIII (February 8, 1964), 12.
A summary of his literary career followed by Galambos's answers to questions posed by Faragó during an interview about his life and writings: e.g., his ars poetica, the strong pro-and-con reactions to his writings, the sources of his ideas about society, the charge that he borrows themes from others. DLC DS MH GyBDS GyBH
CRITICISM
4363. Rónay György. "Az olvasó naplója. Galambos Lajos: Mostohagyerek," Vigilia, XXIX (1964), 111-116.
Mostohagyerek and the earlier Isten őszi csillaga and Utas a Göncöl szekerén are shown to illustrate his qualities as a writer. Concludes that heuses tools ably but does not know the purposes to which he should put them. MH NN GyBH
4364. Illés Lajos. "Galambos Lajos," Új Írás, V (1965). 201-205.
A discussion of his literary works from 1951 to 1965 emphasizing their central concern with the reform of society through socialistic principles. Examines the issue of the mixed characteristics of his works (raw naturalism, strain in developing the inner drama of characters, extreme expressionism), and finds his writings turning increasingly, with A Gonoszkátyú (1960), to the portrayal of the inner, spiritual problems of the chief protagonists. DLC MH FiHI GeLBM GyBDS GyBH
Born 1930 in Ménfőcsanak. Novelist, short-story writer. Completed gymnasium in Győr, and worked as lathe operator there for a time. Established literary career in 1950 with award of first prize for short story. Completed studies in dramaturgy at College of Theater and Film Arts and then became staff member of Szabad Ifjúság and Művelt Nép. Joined Budapest Filmstúdió in 1957. Has devoted energies solely to writing since 1959. Awarded Attila József Prize in 1962 for contributions to literature. ¶ Her fiction is concerned with effects of new socialistic views on village life and with problems in raising children. ¶ Some of her short stories have been translated into Bulgarian, Polish, and Russian.
EDITIONS
4365. Egy kosár hazai. Elbeszélések. Budapest: Szépirodalmi Könyvkiadó, 19531. 191p. GyBH
4366. Félúton. Regény. Budapest: Magvető, 19611. 207p. [2d, rev. ed., 1962]
4367. Ott is csak hó van. Novellák. Budapest: Szépirodalmi Könyvkiadó, 19611. 225p. DLC GeCU GyBDS
4368. Öt lépcső felfele. Elbeszélések. Budapest: Szépirodalmi Könyvkiadó, 19651. 325p. CLU DLC MnU GeLBM GyBDS
CRITICISM
4369. Fekete Gyula. "Jegyzetek egy könyvről. Galgóczi Erzsébet: Egy kosár hazai (Elbeszélések)," Csillag, VIII (1954), 533-539.
A review stating that she portrays the present faithfully and affectionately, that she confronts conflicts, that the forcing of the "happy-ending" on her stories most greatly affects the quality of her stories, and that her writing is marred by the immaturities usually suffered by young writers. [DLC] MnU [NN] NNC [GeLBM] GyBH [GyGGaU]
4370. Gáll István. "Galgóczi Erzsébet," Kortárs, VIII (1964), 1330-1334.
Anexamination of Egy kosár hazai, Ott is csak hó van, and Félúton, especially with respect to their presentation of village life, the problems of adjustment faced by those who seek a way of life in the city, and the motifs recurring in her writings. DLC MH FiHU GeLBM GyBH
4371. Gondos Ernő. "Galgóczi Erzsébetről," Jelenkor, VII (1964), 980-983.
Finds in her works two methods of delineating contemporary life: one external, from her connections with society, and the other from her own internal examination. Maintains that she will become an epical writer when these two merge, as indicated by her short story "Mínusz." CU DLC InNd NN GeLBM GyBH
Born 1929 in Budapest. Poet, translator. Son of Tibor Marconnay, who is a poet. Attended schools in Budapest and completed gymnasium in 1948. Poems first appeared in 1948 in Új Ídők and Kortárs. Awarded prize for short story in 1950. Attended Economics University for one year and then worked for eight years in financial section of Hungarian National Railroad. Resumed university studies in philosophy section in 1955. Received certificate to teach Hungarian in 1960. Was English and German reader for Európa Publishers 1958-1960. Editor of poetry section of Élet és Irodalom since 1960. Committee member and one of secretaries of Hungarian Writers' Federation. Winner of Attila József Prize. ¶ His poetry is highly socialistic in viewpoint and is often considered to be in the forefront of post-1956 verse. Recently he began to write criticism and short stories. Has translated many poems by Shelley, Brecht, Rilke, Yeats, Verlaine, and Yevtushenko.
EDITIONS
See also no. 4583 for editorial work. Annotated work: no. 4568.
4372. Zsúfolt napok. Versek. Budapest: Szépirodalmi Könyvkiadó, 19561. 51p.
4373. Ének gyógyulásért. [Versek] Budapest: Magvető, 19581. 128p.
4374. Emberi szertartás. [Versek, műfordítások] Budapest: Magvető, 19601. 178p.
4375. Mediterrán ősz. Versek. Budapest: Szépirodalmi Könyvkiadó, 19621. 95p. [19622] FiHI GeLBM GyBH GyGNSU
4376. Artisták. Versek. Budapest: Szépirodalmi Könyvkiadó, 19641. 92p. MnU NNC GyBH
4377. Nyárvég. Válogatott versek. Budapest: Szépirodalmi Könyvkiadó, 1965. 247p. MH MnU GeLBM GyGNSU
CRITICISM
4378. Oltyán Béla. "Mediterrán partok felé. (Garai Gábor lírája)," Borsodi Szemle, VIII, no. 6 (1964), 36-46.
A review judging him as one of the most able writers of the generation after World War II and discusses his idea of the socialistic man, his linking of traditional patterns with objective materials in "Olvasztárok" and "A daru-mester," the emotion linked to his thought, and the close connection between his thought and diction. DLC GeLBM
4379. Rónay György. "Garai Gáborról. A kortárs szemével," A Könyv, IV (1964), 1147-1149.
Maintains that to Garai poetry is neither play nor adventure but an instrument serving the needs of the community and that his strict adherence to this principle excessively confines his lyric poetry and prevents the fulfillment of his art.
4380. Szabolcsi Miklós. "Két vers között (Garai Gábor lírája)," Kritika, II (October, 1964), 36-39.
Finds that Garai's lyric poetry from "Múlj el már tőlem" to Artisták still shows the influence of his predecessors, especially that of Attila József, and expresses the hope that he will develop his potential in the realm of Hungarian socialistic political-communal lyric poetry. CU CoU DLC MH NN AsWN FiHI GeLBM GyBDS GyBH GyGNSU